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Strong Impact of Smoking on Multimorbidity and Cardiovascular Risk Among Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Individuals in Comparison With the General Population.

Type of publication Peer-reviewed
Publikationsform Original article (peer-reviewed)
Author Hasse Barbara, Tarr Philip E, Marques-Vidal Pedro, Waeber Gerard, Preisig Martin, Mooser Vincent, Valeri Fabio, Djalali Sima, Andri Rauch, Bernasconi Enos, Calmy Alexandra, Cavassini Matthias, Vernazza Pietro, Battegay Manuel, Weber Rainer, Senn Oliver, Vollenweider Peter, Ledergerber Bruno, Ledergerber Bruno, Aubert V, Barth J, Battegay M, Bernasconi E, Böni J, Bucher H C,
Project Swiss HIV Cohort Study (SHCS)
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Original article (peer-reviewed)

Journal Open forum infectious diseases
Volume (Issue) 2(3)
Page(s) 108 - 108
Title of proceedings Open forum infectious diseases
DOI 10.1093/ofid/ofv108

Open Access

URL https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/26284258/
Type of Open Access Repository (Green Open Access)

Abstract

Background.  Although acquired immune deficiency syndrome-associated morbidity has diminished due to excellent viral control, multimorbidity may be increasing among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons compared with the general population. Methods.  We assessed the prevalence of comorbidities and multimorbidity in participants of the Swiss HIV Cohort Study (SHCS) compared with the population-based CoLaus study and the primary care-based FIRE (Family Medicine ICPC-Research using Electronic Medical Records) records. The incidence of the respective endpoints were assessed among SHCS and CoLaus participants. Poisson regression models were adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, and smoking. Results.  Overall, 74 291 participants contributed data to prevalence analyses (3230 HIV-infected; 71 061 controls). In CoLaus, FIRE, and SHCS, multimorbidity was present among 26%, 13%, and 27% of participants. Compared with nonsmoking individuals from CoLaus, the incidence of cardiovascular disease was elevated among smoking individuals but independent of HIV status (HIV-negative smoking: incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 1.7, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.2-2.5; HIV-positive smoking: IRR = 1.7, 95% CI = 1.1-2.6; HIV-positive nonsmoking: IRR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.44-1.4). Compared with nonsmoking HIV-negative persons, multivariable Poisson regression identified associations of HIV infection with hypertension (nonsmoking: IRR = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.5-2.4; smoking: IRR = 2.0, 95% CI = 1.6-2.4), kidney (nonsmoking: IRR = 2.7, 95% CI = 1.9-3.8; smoking: IRR = 2.6, 95% CI = 1.9-3.6), and liver disease (nonsmoking: IRR = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.4-2.4; smoking: IRR = 1.7, 95% CI = 1.4-2.2). No evidence was found for an association of HIV-infection or smoking with diabetes mellitus. Conclusions.  Multimorbidity is more prevalent and incident in HIV-positive compared with HIV-negative individuals. Smoking, but not HIV status, has a strong impact on cardiovascular risk and multimorbidity.
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