Project
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Graded Epistemology
English title |
Graded Epistemology |
Applicant |
Logins Arturs
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Number |
186137 |
Funding scheme |
Ambizione
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Research institution |
Philosophisches Seminar Universität Zürich
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Institution of higher education |
University of Zurich - ZH |
Main discipline |
Philosophy |
Start/End |
01.02.2020 - 31.01.2024 |
Approved amount |
525'821.00 |
Show all
Keywords (5)
justification; normativity; epistemology; belief; degrees
Lay Summary (French)
Lead
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Aspect gradable de la justification (et de croyances, ainsi que de la confiance, de certaines émotions) pose un problème pour une grande partie des théories épistémologiques contemporaines. Le but premier de ce projet est de proposer une théorie des propriétés gradables en épistémologie. Il présente aussi des enjeux pour d'autres notions, tels que la responsabilité, la confirmation, ou encore le doute raisonnable.
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Lay summary
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Nous avons tous des croyances. C'est à dire, il y a de choses que nous croyons, ou prenons pour acquis. Nous comptons sur des choses que nous prenons pour acquis dans nos prises de décision. Certaines de nos croyances sont justifiés ou rationnelles. D'autres ne le sont pas. La croyance que la Terre est ronde est justifiée, tandis que la croyance de certains que les humains ne sont en fait jamais allés sur la Lune semble être injustifiée. Ce projet a comme point de départ une observation curieuse que certaines de nos croyances semble être plus justifiées que d’autres et que cet aspect gradable de la justification (et de croyances, ainsi que de la confiance, de certaines émotions) pose un problème pour une grande partie des théories épistémologiques contemporaines. Le but premier de ce projet est de proposer une théorie nouvelle et fondamentale de propriétés gradables en épistémologie. Le travail concernant cette question s’inspire de résultats récents en linguistique des adjectifs gradables et propose de réviser la façon dont on théorise la gradabilité concernant la justification et d’autres notions en épistémologie. Le projet présente des nombreux enjeux qui dépassent les frontières de l’épistémologie analytique. Outre fournir une compréhension des notions dégradables jusqu'ici peu étudiées, ce projet promet d’apporter un nouveau point de vue aussi en philosophie pratique (Le blâme et la responsabilité ont-ils en degrés ? Si oui, comment les théoriser ?), et même hors la philosophie (à quel moment est-ce le doute est raisonnable dans les domaines juridiques ? Quels sont des degrés de responsabilité juridique / politique ? Comment comprendre la confirmation scientifique incrémentielle ?)
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Responsible applicant and co-applicants
Employees
Publications
Hawthorne John, Logins Arturs (2021), Graded epistemic justification, in
Philosophical Studies, 178(6), 1845-1858.
Logins Artūrs (2021), How to argue with a pragmatist, in
Inquiry: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Philosophy, 1-16.
LoginsArturs,
Normative Reasons: Between Reasoning and Explanation, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
Collaboration
Dr. Aleks Knoks, Individual and Collective Reasoning Group, University of Luxembourg |
Luxembourg (Europe) |
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- in-depth/constructive exchanges on approaches, methods or results - Publication |
Prof. John Hawthorne, University of Southern California, philosophy |
United States of America (North America) |
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- in-depth/constructive exchanges on approaches, methods or results - Publication |
Groupe de Recherche en Epistemologie (GRE) |
France (Europe) |
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- in-depth/constructive exchanges on approaches, methods or results |
Prof. Davide Fassio (Zhejiang University, School of Humanities) |
China (Asia) |
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- in-depth/constructive exchanges on approaches, methods or results - Publication |
Thumos reasearch group, (Prof. Fabrice Teroni), University of Geneva |
Switzerland (Europe) |
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- in-depth/constructive exchanges on approaches, methods or results |
Knowledge and Decision Project (Prof. Moritz Schulz research group in TU Dresden) |
Germany (Europe) |
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- in-depth/constructive exchanges on approaches, methods or results |
Scientific events
Active participation
Title |
Type of contribution |
Title of article or contribution |
Date |
Place |
Persons involved |
College de France workshop on degrees in epistemology.
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Talk given at a conference
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Qu’est-ce que le « poids » des raisons si la justification n’admets pas de degrés ?
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24.06.2021
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Paris (online), France
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Logins Arturs;
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ZEGRA (Zurich) - Dresden workshop on rationality
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Talk given at a conference
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In What Sense Is Belief Dual ?
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17.06.2021
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Zurich-Dresden (online), Germany
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Logins Arturs;
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Seminarkolloquium Department of philosophy, University of Zurich, Switzerland, (online)
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Talk given at a conference
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The Paradox of Graded Justification.
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21.04.2021
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Zurich (online), Switzerland
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Logins Arturs;
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Research Colloquium of Groupe de Recherche en Épistémologie de la chaire "Métaphysique et philosophie de la connaissance" (Collège de France), Collège de France
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Talk given at a conference
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The Paradox of Graded Justification.
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27.11.2020
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Paris (online), France
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Logins Arturs;
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Research Colloquium in Epistemology and Metaethics, Department of philosophy, University of Zurich
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Talk given at a conference
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The Paradox of Graded Justification
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18.11.2020
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Zurich (online), Switzerland
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Logins Arturs;
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Research Colloquium in Epistemology and Metaethics, Department of philosophy, University of Zurich, Switzerland
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Talk given at a conference
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Normative reasons : reasoning and explanation
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11.03.2020
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Zurich, Switzerland
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Logins Arturs;
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PhilEAs conference cycle, University of Geneva, Switzerland
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Talk given at a conference
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Les raisons normatives
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05.03.2020
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Geneva, Switzerland
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Logins Arturs;
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Self-organised
ZEGRA (Zurich) - Dresden workshop on rationality, (online), 17-18 June, 2021 (organized in collaboration with Prof. Moritz Schulz)
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17.06.2021
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Zurich (online), Switzerland
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Associated projects
Number |
Title |
Start |
Funding scheme |
206406
|
Normative Reasons: Between Reasoning and Explanation |
01.10.2021 |
Open Access Books |
Abstract
This project stems from the observation that a number of prominent views in contemporary epistemology (that is, theory of knowledge in general), in particular views about justification and belief, stand in apparent tension with the simple common-sense view that justification, belief, and potentially other states, can have degrees and that these degrees are connected with categorical justification and belief. It makes sense to think that one is more justified in believing that 2+2=4 than one is in believing that it is drizzling outside. And it makes sense to think that we believe some claims to higher degrees than we believe others. I am more confident that the Earth is round than I am that Shakhtar Donetsk will not win Champions League this year. However, a number of otherwise plausible proposals about justification and belief appear to stand in conflict with these common-sense assumptions. For instance, the view that epistemic justification just is a sort of permissibility, where permissibility doesn’t admit of degrees, enters into a straightforward conflict with the existence of degrees of justification. Similarly, the view that epistemic justification is to be understood in terms of a compliance with a fundamental norm of belief also appears to be in tension with the gradability of justification, since compliance is not something that can come in degrees.The main objective for the present project is to explore the possibility of maintaining both the common-sense assumptions about gradability and the prominent recent views about justification and belief. The key for achieving that aim is to develop a new, more refined understanding of gradability in epistemology. In more general terms, the overall aim of the present project is to tackle the big-picture question of how to think about gradability in epistemology.More specifically, I aim to defend two positive hypotheses about the gradability of justification and belief, according to which i) the problematic tensions arise because of an implicit understanding of gradability in terms of a threshold scale, and ii) an alternative model of gradability in terms of endpoint scales avoids these tensions and can explain the relevant graded properties.The expected results of the project are a new understanding of gradable properties in epistemology, in particular of gradable justification and belief, as well as a theoretical assessment of the further implications of this understanding, and a complete evaluation of some of the existing alternative proposals. The results of this project are expected to produce a significant impact in normative epistemology and in particular with respect to various substantive theories of justification, as well as with respect to meta-normative discussions in epistemology more generally. The project is in the tradition of contemporary (analytic) epistemology, and as such will rely on the standard tools of (analytic) philosophy.
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