Microbial food webs; Algal spring blooms; Lake warming; Climate change; Ciliates; Lake Zurich; Limnology
Qu Zhishuai, Forster Dominik, Bruni Estelle P., Frantal Daniela, Kammerlander Barbara, Nachbaur Laura, Pitsch Gianna, Posch Thomas, Pröschold Thomas, Teubner Katrin, Sonntag Bettina, Stoeck Thorsten (2021), Aquatic food webs in deep temperate lakes: Key species establish through their autecological versatility, in
Molecular Ecology, 30(4), 1053-1071.
Šimek Karel, Grujčić Vesna, Nedoma Jiří, Jezberová Jitka, Šorf Michal, Matoušů Anna, Pechar Libor, Posch Thomas, Bruni Estelle P., Vrba Jaroslav (2019), Microbial food webs in hypertrophic fishponds: Omnivorous ciliate taxa are major protistan bacterivores, in
Limnology and Oceanography, 64(5), 2295-2309.
Pitsch Gianna, Bruni Estelle Patricia, Forster Dominik, Qu Zhishuai, Sonntag Bettina, Stoeck Thorsten, Posch Thomas (2019), Seasonality of Planktonic Freshwater Ciliates: Are Analyses Based on V9 Regions of the 18S rRNA Gene Correlated With Morphospecies Counts?, in
Frontiers in Microbiology, 10, 248.
The multi-decadal rise in air temperatures has a deep impact on thermal budgets of temperate lakes. Warmer water directly affects the phenology of aquatic organisms, however, ‘indirect climate effects’ (changes in physical and chemical parameters) may have even a stronger influence on the biota within food webs. During the last years, we could describe striking effects of changing climate on Lake Zurich. As a key issue, warming of surface (epilimnetic) waters increasingly disrupted complete water turnover (holomixis) in spring, causing an insufficient transport of deep water orthophosphate into the epilimnion. Since the year 2013, there was a continuous series of partial water turnovers. Thus, the phototrophic spring bloom community, formerly consisting of centric diatoms and cryptophytes, was cut off from essential nutrients. This reduction in primary production will definitely affect the entire food web as algae are the major source of substrates for bacteria and of food for consumers. As the succession of various ciliate species is tightly coupled to dynamics of their algal and bacterial food items, any lake warming induced shifts will strongly affect the ciliate assemblage and depending higher trophic levels. In several large temperate lakes, the strong decrease in spring primary production was documented and seemed to have propagated up to the level of top predators. This caused public debates that restoration measures were over-done, and that anthropogenic re-fertilizations or artificial turnovers are needed to ensure lakes’ productivity. Nevertheless, before executing potentially harmful measures hastily, it is crucial to understand cascading effects of changes in phytoplankton spring blooms, and focus especially on the pivotal role of ciliates as key consumers of primary producers and as major food source for higher levels in the food web.The following scientific key questions should be answered in the context of the proposed project: -Are years with partial water turnover indeed characterized by a loss of typical trophic cascades?-Is there a shift from strictly photoautotrophic to mixotrophic algal taxa which may guarantee survival during the surplus oligotrophication caused by lake warming?-Does this also implicate a shift to less edible algal morphotypes for herbivorous ciliates?-How does the ciliate assemblage react on changes of phytoplankton spring blooms in regard to biomass and taxonomic composition? Is there less ciliate biomass for higher trophic levels?-Is there a shift from strictly algivorous to bacterivorous and omnivorous ciliate species?-Do we find an increasing importance of mixotrophic ciliates?-Is there an exploitative competition between mixotrophic primary producers and HNF as well as bacterivorous/omnivorous/mixotrophic ciliates?-What will happen in Lake Zurich after years of partial mixis, when holomixis is reached again?-Which effects on microbial food web dynamics would result from artificial turnovers as technical restoration measures?