Evaporative cooling; Fuel cells ; X-ray Imaging; Multiscale multiphase modeling
van Rooij Sarah, Magnini Mirco, Matar Omar K., Haussener Sophia (2021), Numerical optimization of evaporative cooling in artificial gas diffusion layers, in
Applied Thermal Engineering, 186, 116460-116460.
Niblett Daniel, Mularczyk Adrian, Niasar Vahid, Eller Jens, Holmes Stuart (2020), Two-phase flow dynamics in a gas diffusion layer - gas channel - microporous layer system, in
Journal of Power Sources, 471, 228427-228427.
Tranter T. G., Boillat P., Mularczyk A., Manzi-Orezzoli V., Shearing P. R., Brett D. J. L., Eller J., Gostick J. T., Forner-Cuenca A. (2020), Pore Network Modelling of Capillary Transport and Relative Diffusivity in Gas Diffusion Layers with Patterned Wettability, in
Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 167(11), 114512-114512.
Mularczyk Adrian, Lin Qingyang, Blunt Martin J., Lamibrac Adrien, Marone Federica, Schmidt Thomas J., Büchi Felix N., Eller Jens (2020), Droplet and Percolation Network Interactions in a Fuel Cell Gas Diffusion Layer, in
Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 167(8), 084506-084506.
Manzi-Orezzoli Victoria, Mularczyk Adrian, Trtik Pavel, Halter Jonathan, Eller Jens, Schmidt Thomas J., Boillat Pierre (2019), Coating Distribution Analysis on Gas Diffusion Layers for Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells by Neutron and X-ray High-Resolution Tomography, in
ACS Omega, 4(17), 17236-17243.
Greco Katharine V., Forner-Cuenca Antoni, Mularczyk Adrian, Eller Jens, Brushett Fikile R. (2018), Elucidating the Nuanced Effects of Thermal Pretreatment on Carbon Paper Electrodes for Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries, in
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 10(51), 44430-44442.
Andersson M., Mularczyk A., Lamibrac A., Beale S.B., Eller J., Lehnert W., Büchi F.N. (2018), Modeling and synchrotron imaging of droplet detachment in gas channels of polymer electrolyte fuel cells, in
Journal of Power Sources, 404, 159-171.
Electrification of road transport can contribute significantly to the reduction of the carbon intensity of the mobility sector. Polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFC) are a key driver for this transition. A technical limitation for highly efficient and high power density PEFC systems is the need for membrane humidification and consequently temperature stabilization at about 80 °C. Evaporative cooling based on a novel material concept can overcome this limitation and the aim of this project is to develop the necessary morphology and wettability patterns for the thereto required novel porous gas diffusion layer materials. We propose a combined experimental and modeling project, realized in 2 PhD theses hosted at PSI and EPFL. Conventional PEFC system approaches utilize a combination of heat exchanger for cooling and water recirculation loops for reactant gas humidification. The concept of evaporative cooling can reduce the complexity of such cooling/humidification approaches as it simultaneously provides a) the functionality of cell cooling and b) the humidification requirements in a single water recirculation stream, and at the same time c) permits for considerably higher cell temperature and d) offers the possibility to achieve homogeneous cell temperature and current density distribution. However, today’s existing PEFC evaporation cooling approaches limit system power density as they are bulky and/or introduce additional mass transport and efficiency losses. Evaporation of liquid water directly from the porous gas diffusion layer structures is an alternative, innovative approach for evaporative cooling introducing negligible additional mass transport losses and offering reduced system complexity. Recent developments at PSI allow to prepare porous gas diffusion media (GDL) with heterogeneous surface patterning for tailored water and gas transport. Utilizing these materials for evaporative cooling offers a large potential but requires basic understanding of the phase change process in the thin porous structures. Evaporation from porous media, though an important process in many disciplines from climatology to renewa-ble energy technology, remains an incompletely described process for thin porous materials such as GDLs. Our objectives are therefore to create a better generic understanding of the phase change in thin porous layers and to provide design guidelines for the appropriate morphology and wettability patterning of gas diffusion layers used in PEFC with evaporative cooling. To achieve this goal, we will follow a coupled experimental-numerical approach based on two complementary PhD theses bringing together the compe-tences of the project partners: i) characterizing the basic properties of water evaporation from the porous gas diffusion layer coupled to advanced X-ray imaging of the microstructure of the liquid water saturation, and measurement of PEFC performance with evaporative cooling and ii) coupled heat and mass transport model-ing in the complex, heterogeneous media for in-depth understanding of the multi-scale coupled phase change in the gas diffusion layer to propose suitable structures. The combined efforts will provide a large step towards the enhancement of the performance of PEFC and their competitive large-scale deployment.