life-history theory; resistance to parasitic infection; tolerance to parasitic infection; resource ecology
Hauser Gaël, Koella Jacob C. (2020), Larval exposure to a pyrethroid insecticide and competition for food modulate the melanisation and antibacterial responses of adult Anopheles gambiae, in
Scientific Reports, 10(1), 1364-1364.
Hauser Gaël, Thiévent Kevin, Koella Jacob C. (2020), Consequences of larval competition and exposure to permethrin for the development of the rodent malaria Plasmodium berghei in the mosquito Anopheles gambiae, in
Parasites & Vectors, 13(1), 107-107.
Hauser Gaël, Thiévent Kevin, Koella Jacob C. (2019), The ability of Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes to bite through a permethrin-treated net and the consequences for their fitness, in
Scientific Reports, 9(1), 8141-8141.
Thiévent Kevin, Hauser Gaël, Elaian Obada, Koella Jacob C. (2019), The interaction between permethrin exposure and malaria infection affects the host-seeking behaviour of mosquitoes, in
Malaria Journal, 18(1), 79-79.
Barreaux Antoine M. G., Stone Chris M., Barreaux Priscille, Koella Jacob C. (2018), The relationship between size and longevity of the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae (s.s.) depends on the larval environment, in
Parasites & Vectors, 11(1), 485-485.
Zilio Giacomo, Thiévent Kevin, Koella Jacob C. (2018), Host genotype and environment affect the trade-off between horizontal and vertical transmission of the parasite Edhazardia aedis, in
BMC Evolutionary Biology, 18(1), 59-59.
Zeller Michael, Koella Jacob C. (2017), The Role of the Environment in the Evolution of Tolerance and Resistance to a Pathogen, in
The American Naturalist, 190(3), 389-397.
BarreauxAntoine M.G., BarreauxPriscille, ThiéventKevoin, KoellaJacob C. (2016), Larval environment influences vector competence of the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae, in
Malaria World Journal, 7, 8.
To minimise a parasite’s impact on health, hosts can attack the parasite developing within them to reduce the parasite load or they can reduce the damage caused by a given parasite load. The distinction between these two defences - resistance and tolerance - is attracting increasing attention by parasitologists and evolutionary biologists. Much of their work deals with genetic correlations between resistance and tolerance, how the environment can shape these correlations, and how these correlations feed into the epidemiological dynamics to shape evolution. Yet disentangling resistance and tolerance, and understanding their implications for the co-evolution of hosts and parasites remains problematic.I suggest that we can improve our understanding of resistance and tolerance by combining physiological and evolutionary approaches in an integrated picture of the host’s life-history and its response to parasitic infection, focusing on how a host allocates its resources to the development, reproduction and defence. Thus, I will attempt to move our ideas about the evolution of host defence from a basis that relies on observed relationships between resistance and tolerance to one that integrates physiological and evolutionary ideas with resource ecology and life-history theory. My project combines theory and experiments with two biological systems: (i) the microsporidian Vavraia culicis and its host, the mosquito Aedes aegypti and (ii) the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum and its mosquito vector Anopheles gambiae. It has four aims. 1. Predict the optimal life-history and defence. I will adapt and extend a model of ontogenetic growth, which is based on the balance of energy during the host’s development, by letting the host allocate energy to an innate immune system and including the within-host dynamics of the parasite and its by the immune response. Main outputs will be how the parasite’s growth rate and host’s environment affect the patterns of resistance and tolerance. 2. Give input to the model with experiments that investigate several of the central aspects of the approach, with questions linking immunity and defence on the one hand with metabolism and energetic utilisation on the other hand. What is the impact of diet on immune-competence and on resistance and tolerance? How does oxidative stress interact with the defence mechanisms of the mosquito? Does stimulation of the immune system affect defence, nutrient levels and oxidative stress?3. Test predictions of model. I will use experimental evolution to test predictions of the model about the optimal allocation to growth and to defence against parasitic infection.4. Answer whether mosquitoes choose their diet to increase protection against malaria. Sugar-feeding on plants forms an important part of the diet of mosquitoes. Do different plants offer different levels of immune-competence and resistance? Do mosquitoes shift their preference for plants from those that enhance their longevity when uninfected to those that enhance their defence against malaria when infected?