Lattice Boltzmann; modelling; volcanic ash ; volcanic plumes; tephra deposits; laboratory experiments; ash sedimentation
Lemus Jonathan, Fries Allan, Jarvis Paul A., Bonadonna Costanza, Chopard Bastien, Lätt Jonas (2021), Modelling Settling-Driven Gravitational Instabilities at the Base of Volcanic Clouds Using the Lattice Boltzmann Method, in
Frontiers in Earth Science, 9, 713175.
Fries Allan, Lemus Jonathan, Jarvis Paul A., Clarke Amanda B., Phillips Jeremy C., Manzella Irene, Bonadonna Costanza (2021), The Influence of Particle Concentration on the Formation of Settling-Driven Gravitational Instabilities at the Base of Volcanic Clouds, in
Frontiers in Earth Science, 9, 640090.
Latt Jonas, Malaspinas Orestis, Kontaxakis Dimitrios, Parmigiani Andrea, Lagrava Daniel, Brogi Federico, Belgacem Mohamed Ben, Thorimbert Yann, Leclaire Sébastien, Li Sha, Marson Francesco, Lemus Jonathan, Kotsalos Christos, Conradin Raphaël, Coreixas Christophe, Petkantchin Rémy, Raynaud Franck, Beny Joël, Chopard Bastien (2021), Palabos: Parallel Lattice Boltzmann Solver, in
Computers & Mathematics with Applications, 81, 334-350.
This new research project will fund two PhD students (subprojects A and B) and builds on the consolidated collaboration between the Group of Physical Volcanology and Geological Risk of Prof. Bonadonna and the Scientific and Parallel Computing Group of Prof. Chopard of the University of Geneva to further improve our understanding of particle sedimentation from volcanic plumes and the forecasting of ash dispersal. Motivation: Dispersal and sedimentation of volcanic ash pose numerous hazards at both local and global scale, including damage to infrastructure, pollution of the ecosystem and paralysis of entire economic and transport sectors. Even though Volcanic Ash Transport and Dispersal Models (VATDMs) have now reached a high level of sophistication, an accurate and comprehensive parameterization of size-selective sedimentation processes (i.e. particle aggregation and gravitational instabilities) does not exist. Nonetheless, various examples of empirical parameterization of particle aggregation have recently improved specific hazard assessments, while gravitational instabilities from volcanic clouds are far from being understood and quantitatively described. In particular, given that both size-selective processes affect the same size population (i.e. fine ash) in a similar manner (i.e. increasing the settling velocity), the associated effects might be often misinterpreted and wrongly described. These misconceptions have important implications for long-term hazard assessment of tephra sedimentation, real-time forecasting of ash-rich plumes and health-hazard assessments.Goal and specific objectives: With this new project we plan to develop a comprehensive parameterization for gravitational instabilities that can be implemented in VATDMs, both for real-time forecasting and long-term planning. Specific objectives include: 1) the characterization of gravitational instabilities based on field observations (subpr. A), scaled laboratory experiments (subpr. A) and 3D numerical modelling (subpr. B) in order to improve our fundamental understanding of this size-selective sedimentation process and quantification of its dynamics; 2) the study of the role of gravitational instabilities on particle aggregation based on field, experimental and numerical investigations (both subprojects); 3) the implementation of the new parameterization of gravitational instabilities within an existing hybrid Eulerian-Lagrangian model for tephra dispersal (subpr. B). Methods: Field observations, scaled laboratory experiments and dedicated 3D numerical modeling will be combined in order to develop a comprehensive and versatile parameterization of gravitational instabilities that can be implemented in VATDMs. In particular, a new recirculating tank for the study of plumes in cross-flow will be built at the University of Geneva and both field and laboratory experiments will benefit from the use of sophisticated and state-of-the-art measuring strategies (e.g. LiDAR, ASHERs, PIV/PLIF). A dedicated 3D Lattice Boltzmann numerical model will also be developed based on both field and experimental constraints and will be used to explore a wide range of initial conditions. Given the high frequency of eruptions and occurrence of gravitational instabilities, field observations will be carried out at Etna volcano (Italy).Scientific relevance and broader impact: The success of this project relies on the synergy amongst international experts in field characterization, experimental investigations and numerical modeling of volcanic processes and will help shed some light on a currently neglected size-selective sedimentation process, i.e. gravitational instabilities. The main goal of this project is in line with the main research priorities identified during the first two IUGG-WMO workshops on Ash Dispersal Forecast and Civil Aviation (2010-2013), i.e. better quantitative description of fine-ash dispersal. Results of the project will also be shared with operational agencies involved in real-time forecasting of volcanic clouds during volcanic crises (e.g., Italian National Institute for Geophysics and Volcanology - INGV, Volcanic Ash Advisory Centers - VAACs).