Microbialites; Basin-analysis; Coralgal reefs; Sedimentology
Schaegis Jean-Charles, Rime Valentin, Kidane Tesfaye, Mosar Jon, Gebru Ermias Filfilu, Atnafu Balemwal, Foubert Anneleen (2021), Novel Bathymetry of Lake Afdera Reveals Fault Structures and Volcano-Tectonic Features of an Incipient Transform Zone (Afar, Ethiopia), in
Frontiers in Earth Science, 9, 1-13.
Jaramillo-Vogel David, Foubert Anneleen, Braga Juan Carlos, Schaegis Jean-Charles, Atnafu Balemwal, Grobety Bernard, Kidane Tesfaye (2019), Pleistocene sea-floor fibrous crusts and spherulites in the Danakil Depression (Afar, Ethiopia), in
Sedimentology, 66(2), 480-512.
Author |
Schaegis, Jean-Charles |
Publication date |
19.02.2021 |
Persistent Identifier (PID) |
https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.935008 |
Repository |
PANGAEA
|
Abstract |
We present data from the Lake Afdera (13.26N; 40.90E) and its surrounding. Equipped with a small inflatable boat and an echosounder (Humminbird, 899ci hd si system), we surveyed the lake to obtain its first complete bathymetric map. We further investigated the fault pattern around the lake to interpret the lineaments observed in the bathymetry.
The Danakil Depression, situated in the northern part of the Afar triangle (up to 120 m below sea level), is a tectonic depression associated to the rifting of the Afro-Arabian plateau, which is active since the Oligocene. Although, nowadays this depression only contains few small lakes, there is evidence that it has been flooded by the Red Sea at least twice during the Middle and Late Pleistocene. Multiple episodes of marine flooding and desiccation led to the deposition of diverse carbonate units surrounding the margins of the Danakil Depression and overlying directly the volcanic substrates. The deposits are ranging from open marine fringing coralgal reefs to hypersaline microbial reefs deposited in lacustrine environments. The basin center is characterized by the deposition of a more than 1000 m thick evaporitic succession. The excellent exposure and preservation conditions (due to an arid climate) of both marine to hypersaline syn-rift sediments at the margin of the Danakil depression and evaporitic sediments in the center of the basin form a unique window to study sediment deposition in a transitional rift basin paced by environmental fluctuations and their interplay with tectonic and magmatic events. Only a few studies - dating back nearly half a century ago - focused on the sedimentary succession of the northern Afar but an in-depth study at basin-scale integrating the marine to hypersaline and lacustrine units from basin margin till center is currently missing. The proposed project ‘SERENA - SEdimentary REcord of the Northern Afar: Insights in the flooding history of the Danakil Depression’, aims to understand the spatial and temporal evolution of sedimentary facies in an active rift setting. Selected key-outcrops, situated at the western margin and the central part of the depression, are to be studied in detail in order to reconstruct the young flooding history of the Danakil depression. The establishment of a well-constrained stratigraphic framework supported by radiometric datings will form the base for detailed sedimentological, palaeoecological and biogeochemical studies, and thus add to the thorough understanding of the flooding history, the timing of final closure of the connection to the Red Sea, and the development of microbial carbonates in open and closed systems. Microbial build-ups are found (1) as small stromatolites and thrombolites in transitional facies below the evaporites, (2) in coralgal reef cavities, and (3) in hypersaline lakes commonly associated to hydrothermal springs. The further study of these microbialites in rapidly changing environments will give insights into their nature and significance and the processes related to microbial-mediated precipitation in diverse marine and continental settings. During the last decades, the local Potash industry collected an enormous amount of core sections, downhole logs and seismic lines in the central part of the basin. Through the mediation of the Ethiopian Ministry of Mines, those data will be available to the proponents of the project. Studying this dataset will open new perspectives in the understanding of the link between the basin marginal deposits and the sedimentary deposits in the central part of the basin.