natural selection; adaptation; hybridization; standing genetic variation; genomics
Muyle Aline, Zemp Niklaus, Fruchard Cécile, Cegan Radim, Vrana Jan, Deschamps Clothilde, Tavares Raquel, Hobza Roman, Picard Franck, Widmer Alex, Marais Gabriel A. B. (2018), Genomic imprinting mediates dosage compensation in a young plant XY system, in
Nature Plants, 4(9), 677-680.
Zemp Niklaus, Widmer Alex, Charlesworth Deborah (2018), Has adaptation occurred in males and females since separate sexes evolved in the plant Silene latifolia ?, in
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 285(1883), 20172824-20172824.
Halbritter Aud H., Fior Simone, Keller Irene, Billeter Regula, Edwards Peter J., Holderegger Rolf, Karrenberg Sophie, Pluess Andrea R., Widmer Alex, Alexander Jake M. (2018), Trait differentiation and adaptation of plants along elevation gradients, in
JOURNAL OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY, 31(6), 784-800.
Zemp Niklaus, Tavares Raquel, Muyle Aline, Charlesworth Deborah, Marais Gabriel A. B., Widmer Alex (2016), Evolution of sex-biased gene expression in a dioecious plant, in
Nature Plants, 2, 1-7.
Zemp Niklaus, Tavares Raquel, Widmer Alex (2015), Fungal Infection Induces Sex-Specific Transcriptional Changes and Alters Sexual Dimorphism in the Dioecious Plant Silene latifolia, in
PLOS Genetics, 1-17.
Developing a better understanding of plant adaptation to the environment is an important goal in modern plant sciences because adaptation is essential for the continued existence of viable plant populations and communities and for future crop production. Studying plant adaptation requires a multidisciplinary approach that focuses not only on the genes or genetic variants underlying adaptation, but also investigates the ecological effects and molecular functions of adaptive variation, and its evolutionary origins. The goal of this project is to contribute to the understanding of adaptation by continuing ongoing studies on altitudinal adaptation and ecological divergence in natural populations of wild carnation (Dianthus) using a combination of approaches from population genomics, evolutionary ecology and molecular plant biology. A major resource for this project is the assembly of draft genomes for D. sylvestris and D. carthusianorum, which facilitates the identification of highly differentiated genes and genomic regions associated with altitudinal adaptation and ecotype formation in both species. Interestingly, adaptive divergence between altitudinal ecotypes in both species is largely located in different genomic regions, indicating limited parallel adaptation to altitude in these species. In this project we plan to dissect and validate the genomic basis of altitudinal adaptation and divergence in Dianthus, and to explore the contribution of ancient polymorphisms versus novel mutations to adaptive genetic variation in Dianthus. The specific aims and objectives of this project are 1) to further characterize genomic divergence between altitudinal ecotypes in D. sylvestris and D. carthusianorum, 2) to experimentally validate the fitness effects and molecular functions of candidate genes and genomic regions, 3) to identify genes associated with phenotypic divergence between ecotypes using a genome-wide association approach, and 4) to quantify the genomic distribution and age of ancient polymorphisms versus novel mutations.Results from this project will hopefully reveal causal genes for altitudinal adaptation in Dianthus, unravel the genomic context of these genes - for example, whether they are located in inversions or other regions with reduced recombination rates, and whether they are arranged in tight linkage with other 'adaptation' genes - reveal the origins of shared ancestral polymorphisms in adaptive alleles and shed light on the long-standing question whether adaptation evolves from novel mutations or standing genetic variation.