Beam dynamics; Electrostatics ; Uncertainty quantification; Poisson equation; Adaptive mesh refinement
Frey Matthias, Adelmann Andreas (2020), Global sensitivity analysis on numerical solver parameters of Particle-In-Cell models in particle accelerator systems, in
Computer Physics Communications, 258, 107577-107577.
Edelen Auralee, Neveu Nicole, Frey Matthias, Huber Yannick, Mayes Christopher, Adelmann Andreas (2020), Machine learning for orders of magnitude speedup in multiobjective optimization of particle accelerator systems, in
Phys. Rev. Accel. Beams, 23, 044601-044601.
Frey Matthias, Adelmann Andreas, Locans Uldis (2020), On architecture and performance of adaptive mesh refinement in an electrostatics Particle-In-Cell code, in
Computer Physics Communications, 247, 106912-106912.
Frey Matthias, Snuverink Jochem, Baumgarten Christian, Adelmann Andreas (2019), Matching of turn pattern measurements for cyclotrons using multiobjective optimization, in
Phys. Rev. Accel. Beams, 22, 064602-064602.
Rizzoglio V., Adelmann A., Baumgarten C., Frey M., Gerbershagen A., Meer D., Schippers J. M. (2017), Evolution of a beam dynamics model for the transport line in a proton therapy facility, in
Physical Review Accelerators and Beams, 20(12), 124702-124702.
Intensive research has been conducted into how to deliver high intensity beams with low particle losses/halo over several decades. This is an important problem for spallation neutron sources, nuclear waste transmutation, neutrino physics, proton radiography and isotope production. It is essential to understand the nonlinear space charge effects on beam dynamics in all high intensity accelerators, in particular, the world record 1.4 MW proton cyclotron facility at PSI. The main two questions driving research are, 1. To what extent do neighboring bunches affect the halo formation in cyclotrons? 2. How do uncertainties propagate in the model, and influence results?Particle-Mesh based particle-in-cell (PIC) is the method of choice used in macro-particle simulation for different types of accelerators and beam lines. In most of the state-of-the-art models, the associated time dependent partial differential equations are solved on regular grids. This fact hinders the development of applications by the large memory requirements of regular grids and the prohibitive time to solution. A well known remedy to this problem is to adapt the grid to the solution. The grid should be fine where the solution varies much and can be coarse at other places. Block-structured Adaptive Mesh Refinement (AMR) technique will take into account both particles and fields and combine them for the quantitative and efficient evaluation of the effects of space charge in the neighboring bunch region. In the case of the PSI Ring Cyclotron this would enable, for the first time, start-to-end simulations allowing a detailed characterization of the 6D phase space at every location in the machine, with required resolution better than $10^{-4}$ to $10^{-5}$ of the total intensity. In all high intensity hadron accelerators, minimizing losses are of primary concern. From a mathematical point of view, this sort of problems are ill posed and embedded in a high dimensional space of parameters. From the simulation point of view, in order to fight the curse of dimensionality, an accurate sensitivity analysis is needed. With the help of uncertainty quantification we will determine a minimal set of, physics and numeric related parameters, and in turn provides us with a solvable model, that allows precise prediction of losses. The importance of each input parameter and the uncertainty in outputs due to the uncertainty in the input parameters will be quantified using sensitivity analysis and forward uncertainty propagation respectively. One way of achieving this, is the usage of polynomial chaos expansion (PCE). PCE of quantity of interest such as current will be constructed using the non-intrusive spectral projection method. Both of the method must be carefully developed and benchmarked. For this purpose, we will use existing data from the PSI proton cyclotron facility and can use dedicated beam time, which is available within the ongoing high intensity upgrade. Adaptive mesh refinement strategies and quantifying the uncertainty in space charge computation will enable precise and efficient multi bunch simulations in high intensity cyclotrons. This work will contribute to the further development of the PSI high intensity proton accelerator upgrade program and also play a part in new projects such as DAE$\delta$ALUS/IsoDAR, requiring multimegawatt cyclotrons.