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Background. Radiation dose to the patient in medical diagnostic imaging has been steadily increasing together with the use of 3D modalities for the last two decades. Dose can only be optimized with the knowledge of a pertinent estimation of image quality. Mathematical model observers have already shown their usefulness for 2D image modalities, but their generalization into 3D modalities is still in the limbo. In this work, we propose to develop two anthropomorphic model observers able to estimate the performance of human observers searching for and detecting a pathology in 3D computed tomography.Aims and objectives. We propose to develop model observers. The first will be a direct extension of conventional detection 2D detection model observers that will incorporate the scrolling action within the image stack. The second model will incorporate a search component that simulates what is happening in the vision periphery. The ultimate goal is to provide a practical method to measure image quality in the clinical practice.Material and methods. The first model (TRF-CHO) will be a channelized Hotelling observer (CHO) able to detect a signal at a known location on a 3D image stack. The effect of navigating through the image stack will be taken into account by a time response function (TRF) developed in a previous project. The second model observer, called "search extra-foveal observer" (SEFO), will be developed together with our colleagues from the University of California, Santa Barbara (Dr Eckstein's lab). It builds on recent advances in neuroscience and processes the visual field with decreasing spatial resolution with increasing distance from the point of fixation. Both models will be tested on digital breast tomosynthesis and hepatic nodule CT exams provided by the department of radiology at CHUV. Their performances will be compared with those of human observers in order to validate them and tune their characteristics (our psychophysics laboratory is equipped with an infra-red video eye-tracker). Ultimately, we want to propose a 3D printed phantom with anatomic-like structures that could be imaged in order to compute the performance of the model observers. The 3D printed phantoms will be produced by our colleagues of Duke University (Dr Samei's lab).Expected results and importance. Contrary to present model observers we will incorporate two key aspects of human vision: the ability to scan an image stack and to search a signal location. This should provide an image quality parameter that is closer to the common practice than the present situation. This should be welcome by the medical community in charge of optimizing radiation dose.