magnetic thermodynamics; solid solutions; mixed-valent oxide; lattice defects; ac/dc magnetometry; magnetic materials; small-angle neutron scattering; electron spin resonance; rock magnetism; monosulfide; cation doping
Koulialias Dimitrios, Charilaou Michalis, Schäublin Robin, Mensing Christian, Weidler Peter, Löffler Jörg, Gehring Andreas (2018), Ordered defects in Fe1-xS generate additional magnetic anisotropy symmetries, in
Journal of Applied Physics, 123, 033902.
Koulialias Dimitrios, Charilaou Michalis, Mensing Christian, Löffler Jörg, Gehring Andreas (2018), Torque analysis of incoherent spin rotation in the presence of ordered defects, in
Applied Physics Letters, 112, 202404.
Koulialias Dimitrios, Kind Jessica, Charilaou Michalis, Weidler Peter, Löffler Jörg, Gehring Andreas (2016), Variable defect structures cause the magnetic low-temperature transition in natural monoclinic pyrrhotite, in
Geophysical Journal International, 204, 961-967.
Charilaou Michalis, Kind jessica, Koulialias Dimitrios, Weidler Peter, Mensing Christian, Löffler Jörg, Gehring Andreas (2015), Magneto-electronic coupling in modulated defect-structures of natural Fe1-xS, in
Journal of Applied Physics, 118(083903), 1-4.
The proposed project is the continuation of our research on the physical properties of Fe-based mineral phases, which are widespread in geological systems and can be readily synthesized in the laboratory. These minerals are of considerable interest because they are the major magnetic carriers in the Earth’s crust and their physical properties make them suitable as starting point to design functional materials. Fe-based minerals are often non-stoichiometric due to cation substitution and/or defect structures. The departure from non-stoichiometry can result in intrinsic effects on the magnetic thermodynamics and the physics behind them is the main purpose of this multidisciplinary project.The link between structure, non-stoichiometry, and magnetic thermodynamics is investigated using natural and synthetic 4C pyrrhotite (Fe7S8), a monosulfide with a defined defect structure, and ilmenite (FeTiO3) with Nb(IV) substitution for Ti(IV). The synthetic samples will be produced in powder form using the sealed silica technique or in single crystals performing the Czochralsky method. For the investigation the chemical and structural properties a combination of state-of-the art analytical tools is used such as X-ray diffraction, inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy, and electron microscopy coupled to an energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer. To describe the magnetic thermodynamics, i.e., the ordering scheme, a combination of static and dynamic measurement methods including ac/dc magnetometry and neutron scattering experiments will be applied in a low (2 -300 K) and a high (300 - 1000K) temperature range. Special attention will be given to generate a sound physical model to explain the low-temperature transition in 4C pyrrhotite at about 30 K and that will close a gap in our knowledge of the magnetic properties of non-stoichiometric monosulfides. The experimental work will be completed by electron magnetic resonance spectroscopy to analyze magnetic bulk properties of ilmentite and pyrrhotite, and, in particular, to get specific information about the chemical configuration of the paramagnetic Nb(IV) cations in the ilmentite structure. In addition to the strong experimental aspect of the proposal, numerical studies will be performed using Monte Carlo simulation and mean-field modeling in order to obtain a more quantitative understanding of the magnetic structure and magnetic order of these non-stoichiometic materials.The structural and magnetic properties of synthetic samples will be compared with those of natural samples from locations where their formation can be inferred from the geological settings (e.g., pyrrhotite from the Swiss Alps, ilmenite from the Ilmen Mountains in Russia). The different conditions of the natural and synthetic samples during their formation will be considered in order to constrain effects of geologically relevant parameters (e.g., pressure, cooling rate, element partitioning) on the structure, stoichiometry as well as magnetic thermodynamics. This information contributes to the understanding of chemical and physical processes in the Earth’s crust and on other planets.Apart from the relevance for the Earth science, the proposed experimental and numerical approach to study non-stoichiometry will strengthen the fundamental knowledge of magnetic mineral phases, and this in turn bridges to materials science, where structure-property relationships are key to develop new functional materials. The insight into the physics of non-stoichiometric monosulfides and mixed-valence oxides gained in the course of this project will therefore also be considered in terms of the design of functional magnetic materials for technical applications.