Project
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Photography and Modern Public Housing in Los Angeles
Applicant |
Krup Oest Nicole
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Number |
152150 |
Funding scheme |
Doc.CH
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Research institution |
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Institution of higher education |
University of Zurich - ZH |
Main discipline |
Visual arts and Art history |
Start/End |
01.03.2014 - 31.07.2016 |
Approved amount |
141'143.00 |
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All Disciplines (2)
Visual arts and Art history |
Architecture and Social urban science |
Keywords (9)
public housing; postwar politics; photographic history; architectural photography; survey photography; documentary photography; Los Angeles; urban studies; Housing Authority of the City of Los Angeles
Lay Summary (German)
Lead
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Los Angeles in den 1940er Jahren war eine Stadt geprägt vom schnellen Bevölkerungswachstums und urbaner Transformation. Unter der Leitung der Housing Authority of the City of Los Angeles arbeiteten öffentliche Beamte, kommunale Leiter, Philanthropen, Architekten als auch professionelle Fotografen gleichermassen am Projekt zur kontroversen „Bereinigung“ von Slum-Nachbarschaften zusammen, um neue und moderne Wohngemeinden für gering verdienende Veteranen- und Arbeiterfamilien zu erbauen. Diese Forschungsarbeit fokussiert sich dabei auf den Einsatz sowie die Arbeiten der Fotografen, die aus verschiedenen dokumentations- bis hin zu sozial-aktivistischen Standpunkten heraus, eine sehr weit reichende Sammlung von Schwarz-Weiss Fotografien produzierten. Die gemeinsame Arbeit der Beteiligten sowie die Sammlung von Fotografien vom Nachkriegs-Wohnungsbauprojektes in Los Angeles brachte den Einsatz einem breiterem globalem Publikum näher und rückte es damit in das öffentliche Bewusstsein.
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Lay summary
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Als Ausgangspunkt dieser Forschungsarbeit dienen die Fotografien von Los Angeles anhand derer die Rolle geklärt werden soll, wie sie den Nachkriegsmangel an kostengünstigen Wohnungen im lokalen, nationalen sowie im transatlantischen Kontext adressiert haben. Die Fotografien von Los Angeles suggerieren in einer ersten Betrachtung, dass das fotografische Medium entscheidend und kritisch für den internationalen Austausch von Erfahrungen und Ideen zur Lösung des Wohnungsmangels war. In der nachfolgenden Zirkulierung und Rekontextualisierung dieser Fotografien wird das Forschungsprojekt ebenfalls die miteinander geteilten Konventionen und Strategien selbst sowie deren Verwendungsziele im Kontext der Bemühungen zur Erstellung von Wohnungen für gering Verdienende untersuchen, dabei wird insbesondere der Informationsaustausch zwischen den Vereinigten Staaten und Europa vertieft. Trotz des wachsenden Interesses an der Geschichte der angewandten Fotografie wurden die weit reichende Fotosammlung als auch die Praktiken der Beteiligten am öffentlichen Wohnungsbauprojektes von Los Angeles bis jetzt noch nicht tiefer gehend und wissenschaftlich untersucht. Die Praktiken beinhalten dabei jene von den professionellen Fotografen, der arbeitenden Frauen sowie der Kriegsveteranen, die vom U.S. Militär und traditionellen Gestaltungsschulen in der Fotografie ausgebildet wurden. Der Grundstock der Fotografien, welche im Zusammenhang mit der Bereinigung der Slum-Nachbarschaften sowie den Neubaubemühungen in Los Angeles standen, wurde in einem sehr realen Netzwerk mit zum Teil sehr gut verständlichen als auch idealistischen Zielen erstellt. Die Bedeutung meiner Forschungsarbeit geht über den Bereich der Kunstfotografie hinaus und erstreckt sich über den Grundsatz der Dokumentationsfotografie am Beispiel der erwähnten lokalen Arbeiten und deren internationale Perspektive auf ein globales Netzwerk von Architekten und Fotografen, die angestrebt haben den Bürgern zu dienen.
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Lay Summary (English)
Lead
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Los Angeles in the 1940s was a city marked by rapid population growth and urban transformation. Under the leadership of the Housing Authority of the City of Los Angeles, public officials, philanthropists, community leaders, architects, and photographers alike worked together in an effort to clear the so-called “slum” neighborhoods of the city and build modern, planned housing communities for low-income veterans, workers, and their families. This research project focuses on the work of the photographers, who from viewpoints ranging from that of the surveyor to the social activist produced an extensive body of black and white photographs which brought Los Angeles’ postwar building efforts into a global public consciousness.
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Lay summary
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Theme and Aim of the Research Taking the Los Angeles photographs as a point of departure, this project investigates the role of photography in seeking to solve postwar housing shortages in the local context, nationally, and abroad. Photographs of the Los Angeles effort suggest that the photographic medium was crucial for the international exchange of experience and ideas in solving housing shortage problems. In following the trajectories and recontextualizations of the Los Angeles photographs, this project likewise aims to locate a shared set of conventions or strategies for photographing and utilizing photographs of postwar low-income housing as developed through this exchange between the United States and Europe. Despite a growing interest in the history of applied photography, the vast majority of the photographic practices affiliated with the Los Angeles public housing efforts remains yet to be the subject of a thorough scientific investigation. These practices include those of professional photographers, working women, and war veterans trained in photography in both the U.S. military and traditional design schools.
Academic and Social Context The body of photographs produced in conjunction with the Housing Authority of the City of Los Angeles’s clearing and building efforts were created within a very real network with very articulate, albeit also sometimes idealistic, goals. My project’s importance lies in looking beyond the realm of art photography and the canon of documentary projects to bring this large body of local work into the international perspective of a global network of architects and photographers and the citizens they sought to serve.
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Responsible applicant and co-applicants
Employees
Scientific events
Active participation
Title |
Type of contribution |
Title of article or contribution |
Date |
Place |
Persons involved |
Photographie et Histoire Américaine
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Talk given at a conference
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Housing History and the Photographic Archive: Los Angeles in Context
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25.09.2015
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Université Paris Diderot, France
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Krup Oest Nicole;
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1st Swiss Doctoral Summer School for Art History
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Talk given at a conference
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Photography and America's Housing Movement: The L.A. Files
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26.06.2015
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University of Zurich, Switzerland
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Krup Oest Nicole;
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9th Annual International Conference on the Arts in Society
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Individual talk
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“Homes for America”: The Housing Authority of the City of Los Angeles and the Politics of Postwar Survey Photography
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25.06.2014
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Università degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza,” Rome, Italy
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Krup Oest Nicole;
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Awards
Dissertation defense result: Summa cum laude
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2018
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Associated projects
Number |
Title |
Start |
Funding scheme |
203460
|
Photography and Modern Public Housing in Los Angeles |
01.05.2021 |
Open Access Books |
Abstract
Was there an international style in photographic building documentation? The creative output sponsored by the Housing Authority of the City of Los Angeles (HACLA) during the low-income housing shortage of the second half of the 1940s and early 1950s offers a provocative case in point. Drawing on a combination of visual strategies from commercial advertising, propaganda, and the earlier surveys of the FSA and Army Corps of Engineers and aided by brochures, newspapers, magazines, and the personal correspondence of members of the Congrès International d'Architecture Moderne (CIAM), these photographs brought to a global audience an analysis of a real and urgent regional crisis combined with a visual argument in favor of the idea - or ideal - of affordable and non-discriminatory housing. Adopting an archive-based, methodological approach to photographs as not only images, but objects possessive of unique histories (Elizabeth Edwards), this dissertation examines the international resonances of these complex photographic messages with particular attention to audiences involved in the government-sponsored workers’ housing and the work of the CIAM circles in Europe and South America. Particular attention will also be paid here to countries with photographs of the HACLA projects in their archives. Never investigated before, this global contextualization furthers the inquiry begun in recent investigations of mid to late nineteenth-century survey photography’s role in America’s international politics (François Brunet) and its “archive style” (Robin Kelsey), extending their questions surrounding survey photography’s innovative potential and socio-political agency to the Los Angeles building surveys and the global political climate of the postwar era. Indeed, the “international style” of the HACLA photographs, as this study aims to show, was a historically conscious yet self-consciously new instrumentalization of the photographic medium to propagate a regional humanitarian effort. How this style and its connotations were internationally received, however, is what my research aims to find out.
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