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Reference groups as constraints and enablers in individual careers
English title |
Reference groups as constraints and enablers in individual careers |
Applicant |
Grote Gudela
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Number |
149696 |
Funding scheme |
Project funding (Div. I-III)
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Research institution |
Departement Management, Technologie und Ökonomie D-MTEC ETH Zürich
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Institution of higher education |
ETH Zurich - ETHZ |
Main discipline |
Psychology |
Start/End |
01.10.2013 - 31.10.2015 |
Approved amount |
212'158.00 |
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Keywords (4)
reference groups; career transition; career success; career boundaries
Lay Summary (German)
Lead
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Anforderungen an Berufslaufbahnen steigen aufgrund sich wandelnder gesellschaftlicher und wirtschaftlicher Rahmenbedingungen. Insbesondere wächst das Erfordernis, Grenzen zu überschreiten, indem z.B. Organisationen, Berufe und Branchen gewechselt werden. Anhand der Berufslaufbahnen von Führungskräften wird untersucht, welche persönlichen und externen Faktoren solche Wechsel unterstützen und welche Rolle dabei eigene Wertmassstäbe wie auch die Normen verschiedener sozialer Gruppen spielen.
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Lay summary
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Soziale Gruppen wie die eigene Familie, Freunde oder Berufskollegen können die persönliche Berufslaufbahn unterstützen, indem Ratschläge gegeben oder Normen für eine erfolgreiche Laufbahn verdeutlicht werden. Sie können aber auch belastend für die eigene Entwicklung sein, wenn beispielsweise sehr hohe Erfolgsmassstäbe angelegt werden oder Schranken aufgebaut werden, die die Zugehörigkeit erschweren. im Projekt werden diese Einflussfaktoren in den Berufsverläufen von über 600 Führungskräften untersucht. Dazu werden die Berufsverläufe danach kategorisiert, welche Arten von Wechsel stattgefunden haben, welche sozialen Gruppen und auch externen Faktoren (z.B. Arbeitsmarktlage) dabei relevant waren, und wie erfolgreich die Berufslaufbahn von den Personen selbst eingeschätzt wird. Zusätzlich werden bei einer Untergruppe der befragten Personen detaillierte Interviews geführt, um spezifische Einflüsse genauer zu erfassen. Diese Untersuchungen erlauben, die Einflüsse sozialer Gruppen in der Entwicklung beruflicher Identität vertieft zu verstehen sowie individuelle und strukturelle Barrieren für "grenzüberschreitende" Laufbahnen und die Möglichkeiten ihrer Überwindung zu erfassen. Indem die Bedeutung von persönlichen Netzwerken, Rollenmodellen und beruflichen Bezugsgruppen für die Unterstützung der eigenen Laufbahn, aber auch für die Entwicklung von Wertvorstellungen und Vergleichsmassstäben gesamthaft betrachtet wird, können sowohl fördernde wie hinderliche Einflüsse sozialer Gruppen identifiziert werden. Diese Erkenntnisse sind relevant für die individuelle Laufbahnberatung und -förderung, aber auch für politische Entscheidungsträger im Bildungsbereich und in der Wirtschaft.
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Responsible applicant and co-applicants
Employees
Publications
Gubler Martin, Biemann Torsten, Tschopp Cécile, Grote Gudela (2015), How career anchors differentiate managerial career trajectories: A sequence analysis perspective, in
Journal of Career Development, 42(5), 412-430.
Grote Gudela, Hall Douglas T. (2013), Reference groups: A missing link in career studies, in
Journal of Vocational Behavior, 83(3), 265-279.
Tschopp Cécile, Unger Dana, Grote Gudela, Are support and social comparison compatible? Individual differences in the multiplexity of career-related social networks, in
Journal of Applied Social Psychology.
Collaboration
Prof. Dr. Michael Arthur: Suffolk University Boston, Prof. of Strategy and International Business |
United States of America (North America) |
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- in-depth/constructive exchanges on approaches, methods or results |
Prof. Dr. Amy Wrzesniewski, Yale School of Management, Associate Prof of Organizational Behavior |
United States of America (North America) |
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- in-depth/constructive exchanges on approaches, methods or results |
Dr. Martin Gubler, PH Schwyz |
Switzerland (Europe) |
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- in-depth/constructive exchanges on approaches, methods or results - Publication |
Prof. Dr. Douglas T. Hall: Boston University School of Management, Prof. of Organizational Behavior |
United States of America (North America) |
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- in-depth/constructive exchanges on approaches, methods or results - Publication |
Scientific events
Active participation
Title |
Type of contribution |
Title of article or contribution |
Date |
Place |
Persons involved |
Associated projects
Number |
Title |
Start |
Funding scheme |
130035
|
Beyond organization and self: The importance of reference groups in career transitions |
01.04.2010 |
Project funding (Div. I-III) |
Abstract
In much of older career literature, the employing organization is considered to be the dominant social context in which careers unfold, while "new" models of career like the protean and boundaryless career point to the necessity to consider a much larger array of possibly relevant contexts. However, in recent career research usually organization-led careers have been contrasted with self-directed careers, thereby applying a rather restricted perspective on the multifaceted relationships between individuals and the surrounding social systems. This may be partly due to the fact that newer career concepts have postulated a growing need for personal agency in overcoming structural constraints, especially organizational and occupational boundaries. As a consequence, research has focused more on the individual than on contextual factors. In order to develop a more balanced perspective the impact of social reference groups needs to be better understood, both as social drivers of agentic behavior and as social constraints that, for instance, reduce the permeability of career boundaries. In the proposed project we aim to systematically study supportive, normative and comparative influences of reference groups - including also possible negative influences, such as creating and maintaining boundaries that limit career mobility - and to explore the impact of a broader set of referents, including abstract social categories and occupational communities, in the construction of individual career identities and specific career trajectories. We will build on and expand the data obtained in our previous SNF-project. Semi-structured interviews with a subgroup from our survey sample of 610 alumni and students from ten management education programs in Switzerland will permit to further explore the dynamics underlying the individual career histories, personal social networks and career assessments reported on in the survey. Sequence analysis will be used to identify general career patterns and factors underlying these patterns. Especially, we are interested in the impact of industry- and occupation-specific boundaries on individual career trajectories. Each half-year segment of the individual career histories will be coded according to hierarchical level, occupation, industry sector, and geographic region. Per time segment, unemployment rates for occupation, industry sector, and region will be added. Information on education requirements and educational diversity per occupation will also be included. Because our sample represents a mix of university level and university of applied sciences alumni with very different educational backgrounds, further comparisons of influencing factors embedded in different educational trajectories will be possible. By addressing both micro-level processes embedded in individual constructions of career identity and macro-level processes creating structural career boundaries within the common framework of reference group influences a fuller understanding of individual career trajectories will be developed. By shedding light on the broad variety of supportive, normative and comparative influences of personal networks, role models and occupational communities, a detailed picture of enabling and constraining forces acting on people's career-related aspirations, assessments and decisions will emerge. These findings may also inform the design of further education programs, individual and organizational career management, and even labor policy more generally.
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