Interleukin-22; Liver regeneration; P2 receptor ; NTPDase1/CD39; Innate lymphoid cells
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The prerequisite for successful and safe liver surgery is the optimal regeneration of the remaining hepatic tissue, sufficient to fulfill the metabolic demands of the patient. Liver regeneration is closely coordinated by paracrine mechanisms. We have shown that cellular subsets of the innate immune system such as natural killer cells critically modulate hepatocellular regeneration after partial liver resection in mice. Recently, novel subsets of innate immune cells have been described mainly in the gut with potent effector functions, including interleukin (IL)-22 secretion. IL-22 has been shown to be of crucial relevance in various models of liver inflammation and repair. Interestingly, the source and regulation of IL-22 secretion in the liver remains largely unexplored. Extracellular nucleotides such as ATP activate specific purinergic (P2) receptors that are present on a variety of immune cells. Levels of extracellular ATP are regulated by cellular release and enzymatic hydrolysis by ectonucleotidases (mainly ENTPDase1/CD39). We have shown that CD39 is expressed not just on the vasculature but also on several immune cells modulating potent effector functions. Preliminary results show a differential distribution of IL-22 producing cell subsets in the liver compared to other lymphoid organs. Thus, the general hypothesis of this project is that hepatic IL-22 dependent functions impact upon liver regeneration and are modulated by CD39. The aim of the study is to explore the impact of CD39 on function and differentiation of IL-22 secreting subsets of innate lymphoid cells in a mouse model of liver injury and repair.Significance: Aspects of innate immunity that contribute to liver injury and hepatocellular proliferation during liver regeneration will be investigated in this proposal. Future therapeutic options may result as nucleotides and their derivatives have already been synthesized as small and stable compounds. Their administration could potentially improve hepatic regeneration after major liver resection. This could, ultimately, allow extending boarders of hepatic resection and improving patient outcome for advanced primary and metastatic liver tumors. Furthermore, the results of this proposal may reveal novel mechanisms of the regulation of innate lymphoid cells by purinergic signaling and are therefore of potential relevance for other organs than the liver as well.