Project
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Susceptibility of alpine catchment flood runoff to changes in meteoro-logical boundary conditions SAC-FLOOD
English title |
Susceptibility of alpine catchment flood runoff to changes in meteoro-logical boundary conditions SAC-FLOOD |
Applicant |
Naef Felix
|
Number |
126012 |
Funding scheme |
NRP 61 Sustainable Water Management
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Research institution |
Institut für Umweltingenieurwissenschaften ETH Zürich
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Institution of higher education |
ETH Zurich - ETHZ |
Main discipline |
Hydrology, Limnology, Glaciology |
Start/End |
01.02.2010 - 30.09.2013 |
Approved amount |
508'844.00 |
Show all
Keywords (4)
rainfall-runoff modelling; runoff processes; groundwater; hillslope hydrology
Lay Summary (German)
Lead
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Wie verändert sich die Hochwassergefahr in den Alpen? Hochwasser werden zukünftig häufiger auftreten und auch stärker ausfallen. Vor allem bei steilen Wildbächen stellt sich die Frage, wie lange der Untergrund das Wasser speichern kann.Die Zusammenhänge zwischen Niederschlagsmengen, Speichervermögen der Einzugsgebiete und Abfluss werden untersucht, um zielgerichtete Massnahmen ergreifen zu können.
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Lay summary
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Hintergrund Nicht alle Einzugsgebiete reagieren in derselben Art und Weise auf starke Niederschläge. Gebiete, die nur wenig Wasser speichern können, reagieren sofort und heftig mit grossen Hochwassern. Kleinere Hochwasser treten dagegen in Gebieten auf, die viel Wasser im Boden speichern können. Diese Speicherfähigkeit kann aber bei sehr starken und lang anhaltenden Niederschlägen überschritten werden und es kommt plötzlich zu wesentlich grösseren Abflüssen. Dieses Phänomen konnte während der Hochwasser 2005 in zahlreichen steilen, alpinen Einzugsgebieten beobachtet werden. Wie werden sich diese Einzugsgebiete verhalten, wenn sich die Niederschläge aufgrund des globalen Wandels häufen und stärker ausfallen? Ziel Das Projekt will die Zusammenhänge zwischen Niederschlägen, Speicherfähigkeit des Bodens und des geologischen Untergrundes sowie dem Abflussverhalten besser verstehen. Dabei interessiert besonders, wie sich die zukünftig zu erwartenden höheren Niederschläge auswirken werden. Es sollen diejenigen gebirgigen Einzugsgebiete identifiziert und untersucht werden, die bei Starkniederschlägen unvermittelt stärker reagieren als erwartet. Mit Feldexperimenten, Abflussmessungen an Quellen und der Kartierung von Abflussprozessen werden Abflussmodelle so modifiziert, dass sie das Verhalten bei Starkniederschlägen zuverlässig wiedergeben können. Bedeutung Hochwasserschutzmassnahmen sind aufwändig und kostspielig. Deshalb sollen Schutzmassnahmen vor allem in denjenigen Gebieten angepasst oder neu realisiert werden, in denen die zunehmenden Niederschlagsmengen zu grösseren Hochwassern führen werden. Hierzu liefert das Projekt Entscheidungsgrundlagen.
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Lay Summary (French)
Lead
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Comment évolue le danger lié aux crues dans les Alpes? A l’avenir, les crues seront plus fréquentes et plus intenses. Pour les torrents raides surtout, la question se pose de savoir combien de temps le sous-sol peut stocker l’eau. Les rapports entre les volumes de précipitation, la capacité de stockage des bassins hydrographiques et l’écoulement seront examinés, ceci afin de pouvoir prendre des mesures précises.
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Lay summary
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Contexte Les bassins hydrographiques ne réagissent pas tous de la même manière à de fortes précipitations. Des régions qui ne peuvent stocker que peu d’eau réagissent rapidement et intensivement par de fortes crues. Par contre, des crues plus faibles se rencontrent dans les régions pouvant stocker beaucoup d’eau dans le sol. Cette capacité de stockage peut toutefois être dépassée lors de précipitations très fortes et prolongées, et l’écoulement devient subitement plus volumineux. Ce phénomène a pu être observé lors des inondations de 2005 dans de nombreux bassins hydrographiques alpins raides. Comment se comporteront ces bassins hydrographiques, lorsque les précipitations deviendront plus fréquentes et plus intenses en raison du changement global? But Ce projet vise à mieux comprendre les relations entre les précipitations, la capacité de stockage du sol et du sous-sol géologique et le comportement d’écoulement. L’effet des précipitations plus élevées, auxquelles on s’attend à l’avenir, est d’intérêt particulier. Les bassins hydrographiques de montagne qui réagissent de manière subite, et plus fortement qu’attendu, lors de précipitations intenses seront identifiés et examinés. A l’aide d’expériences sur le terrain, de mesures de l’écoulement aux sources et du report des processus d’écoulement sur une carte, les modèles d’écoulement seront modifiés afin de reproduire de manière fiable le comportement lors de précipitations intenses. Portée Les mesures de protection contre les crues sont complexes et coûteuses. Elles doivent donc être réalisées ou adaptées avant tout dans les régions où les volumes de précipitation croissants vont conduire à de plus fortes crues. Ce projet fournit les bases de décision nécessaires.
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Lay Summary (English)
Lead
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How is the flood hazard in the Alps evolving? In future, floods will occur more frequently and will be more severe. Especially with regards to mountain streams, the question is how long the underground can store the water. The relationship between precipitation volumes, storage capacity of the catchments and runoff will be examined, so that well mapped-out measures can be taken.
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Lay summary
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Background Not all catchments react in the same way to severe precipitation. Catchments with limited storage capacities react immediately with large floods. Smaller floods occur in catchments that can store large amounts of water in the soil. However, this storage capacity can be exhausted during very intensive and lengthy precipitation and runoff suddenly increases significantly. This phenomenon could be observed during the floods of 2005 in a number of steep alpine catchments. How will these catchments react when precipitation becomes more frequent and when its volume increases due to global change?
Objectives and methods This project aims to better understand the relationship between precipitation, storage capacity of the soil and the geological underground, and runoff behaviour. The effects of the expected increase in precipitation will be of particular interest. Steep mountainous catchments that react quicker and more intensively than expected to severe precipitation will be identified and examined. Field experiments, runoff measurements of springs and maps of runoff processes will be used to modify the runoff models in such a way that they reliably describe the behaviour during severe precipitation.
Significance Flood protection measures are complicated and expensive. For this reason, protection measures should above all be adapted or newly taken in those catchments in which increased precipitation will lead to larger floods. This project provides the required basis for decision-making.
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Responsible applicant and co-applicants
Employees
Collaboration
Institute of Geodesy and Photogrammetry, ETH Z |
Switzerland (Europe) |
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- in-depth/constructive exchanges on approaches, methods or results - Research Infrastructure |
Institute of Geophyscs, ETH Zurich |
Switzerland (Europe) |
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- in-depth/constructive exchanges on approaches, methods or results - Research Infrastructure |
Scientific events
Active participation
Title |
Type of contribution |
Title of article or contribution |
Date |
Place |
Persons involved |
Knowledge transfer events
Self-organised
Stakeholdermeeting
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22.01.2013
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ETH Zürich, Switzerland
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Communication with the public
Communication |
Title |
Media |
Place |
Year |
Media relations: radio, television
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Wirkung Starkniederschläge
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10vor10
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German-speaking Switzerland
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2011
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Associated projects
Number |
Title |
Start |
Funding scheme |
126012
|
Susceptibility of alpine catchment flood runoff to changes in meteoro-logical boundary conditions SAC-FLOOD |
01.02.2010 |
NRP 61 Sustainable Water Management |
Abstract
An increase of intense precipitation events, expected due to global warming, will alter the frequency and magnitude of floods. However, not all catchments are similarly vulnerable to changes in meteorological boundary conditions. In our project, mountainous catchments shall be identified, which are sensitive to changes in input conditions. To this purpose, the spatial distribution of the storage and drainage characteristics in a catchment will be assessed, as the storages filter the input signal and might either buffer or enhance it. Previous work of the applicants on runoff formation in catchments and subsurface flow on hillslopes allows predicting dominant runoff processes (DRP) on hillslopes using soil profile data. A classification scheme to identify the DRP on the catchment scale, introduced it into a GIS, can be used to automatically derive DRP maps for large areas. Such maps differentiate areas contributing immediately, delayed or rarely to runoff and can be used to define infiltration and storage parameters in conceptual rainfall-runoff models. These tools predict well hydrographs from short, intense rainfall events. Problems arise with the prediction of long-duration flood events, which can be considerably modified by drainage. Drainage of soils and the shallow bedrock is a complex phenomenon and marginally represented in the classification scheme used to derive the DRP maps. Work package WP1 and 2 are set up to improve this situation. In WP 1, the conditions found for the varying intensities of subsurface flow (SSF) (Kienzler and Naef, 2008) will be generalized and built into the set of rules used for DRP maps. In addition, percolation into shallow bedrock and slow hillslope drainage will be quantified through a combination of hillslope investigations and analysis of spring discharge. In WP2, the classification scheme to determine the DRP will be extended to include the results of WP1 on drainage processes. Additional information like the new high resolution terrain model (DTM-AV) will be considered. The results will be highly resolved maps of DRP, storage capacities and drainage behaviour of the catchments studied.The DRP maps and process information collected in the field are already used to determine infiltration parameters in the conceptual rainfall runoff model Qarea. The model has been successfully used for flood predictions in more than 100 Swiss catchments, although the receding limb of the computed hydrographs did often not satisfy. This reflected the crude drainage mechanisms implemented in the model. In WP3, these model parts will be enhanced, based on the findings of WP1 and WP2. As a result of WP3, a model will be available, which reflects more accurately the storage and drainage mechanism of a wide range of Swiss mountainous catchments. By varying the meteorological input according to the expected climate change, it will be tested, which of these catchments react sensitive to more intense precipitation and which catchments are more robust. Based on these results, consequences on the magnitude of the design flood can be assessed.
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