Project
Back to overview
Digital New Testament studies : Mark 16 as a test case of a new research model
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Applicant |
Clivaz Claire
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Number |
179755 |
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Funding scheme |
PRIMA
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Research institution |
Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics
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Institution of higher education |
Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics - SIB |
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Main discipline |
Religious studies, Theology |
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Start/End |
01.10.2018 - 30.09.2023 |
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Approved amount |
1'564'516.00 |
Show all
Keywords (8)
History; Digital Humanities; New Testament; Gospel of Mark; Variant; Textual Criticism; Virtual Research Environment; Bible
Lay Summary (French)
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Lead
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MARK16 propose un nouveau modèle de recherche en sciences humaines digitalisées, basé sur l’exemple test du dernier chapitre de l’Evangile selon Marc, dans le Nouveau Testament. Le but du projet est de créer en environnement virtuel de recherche (VRE) qui devienne le lieu de référence pour la critique textuelle et l’exégèse de Marc 16, en permettant de comparer les hypothèses des chercheurs.
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Lay summary
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MARK16 est le premier environnement virtuel de recherche (VRE) qui soit consacré à un sujet d’étude en sciences bibliques, et inaugure un nouveau modèle de recherche pour les sciences humaines digitalisées. Le sujet choisi est une énigme phare du Nouveau Testament : certains manuscrits ne comportent pas de récit d’apparition de Jésus ressuscité à la fin de l’Evangile selon Marc. Attentif à ordonner historiquement la matière nécessaire à la recherche, ce VRE deviendra le lieu de référence pour la critique textuelle et l’exégèse de Marc 16, et permettra de représenter « l’histoire des vainqueurs et des vaincus », selon l’expression de l’historien François Hartog. Le matériel disponible en libre accès ou sous copyright, y compris le matériel audio-visuel, sera présenté selon une échelle historique dans le VRE; un outil, « interpretation tool », sera créé pour comparer de manière multimodale les hypothèses, parmi lesquelles celle de la directrice du projet : l’Evangile selon Marc a connu une autre finale avant celles transmises par les manuscrits dès le 4ème siècle ; la complexité des variantes textuelles illustre le topos antique des émotions suscitées par les apparitions de morts vivants, et atteste historiquement des tensions existant entre courants judéo-chrétiens au premier siècle de notre ère. Le projet est accompagné par un comité scientifique international composé de Leif Isaksen, Jennifer Knust, Valérie Nicolet, Laurent Romary, Joseph Verheyden et Peter Williams. Ce projet inaugure le label Digital New Testament studies et marque le tournant numérique de cette discipline ; il soutient par ailleurs une étude académique de la Bible, à l’heure où la recherche européenne joue un rôle crucial dans le maintien de la paix sociale entre communautés religieuses.
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Lay Summary (English)
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Lead
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MARK16 develops a new research model in digitized biblical sciences, based on a test case found in the New Testament: the last chapter of the Gospel according to Mark. The goal of the project is to create a virtual research environment, that will be the reference website for textual criticism and exegesis of Mark 16, allowing to compare researchers’ hypotheses.
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Lay summary
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MARK16 is the first virtual research environment (VRE) focused on a biblical chapter and it inaugurates a new research model for the digitized Humanities. The chosen topic is a famous enigma in New Testament studies: certain manuscript evidences do not transmit an apparition of the resurrected Jesus at the end of the Gospel according to Mark. This VRE, which will present the research data in chronological order, will become the reference place for textual criticism and exegesis of Mark 16, and will allow to visualize the «story of the winners and the losers», according to the French historian François Hartog’s expression. The material available in open access or with copyright, including the audio-visual material, will be presented in the VRE according to a historical scale. A new tool, the interpretation tool, will allow the multimodal comparison of hypotheses, including this one of the director of the project : the Gospel according to Mark had a previous ending, lost or destroyed, that predated the endings transmitted from the 4th century by the manuscript evidences; the complexity of the textual variants illustrates the ancient topos of people's emotions when confronted with live apparitions of the dead, and provides historical evidences for the tensions existing between diverse Jewish-Christian movements in the 1st century C.E. The project is supported by an international team of researchers: Leif Isaksen, Jennifer Knust, Valérie Nicolet, Laurent Romary, Joseph Verheyden and Peter Williams. This project coins the label Digital New Testament studies and fosters the digital turn of New Testament studies; it supports an academic reading of the Bible at a time when European research plays a crucial role in maintaining the social peace between religious communities.
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Responsible applicant and co-applicants
Employees
Publications
Clivaz Claire (2019), Der Markusschluss: Narratologie und Traditiongeschichte, written by Andreas Seifert, in
Novum Testamentum, 62(1), 107-108.
Monier Mina (2019), GA 304, Theophylact's Commentary and the Ending of Mark, in
Filología Neotestamentaria, 32, 95-106.
Clivaz Claire (2019), The Impact of Digital Research: Thinking about the MARK16 Project, in
Open Theology, 5(1), 1-12.
Clivaz Claire (2019), Returning to Mark 16,8: What's new?, in
ETHL, 4(2019), 645-659.
Clivaz Claire, Looking at Scribal Practices in the Endings of Mark 16, in
HENOCH.
Clivaz Claire, Theologie und Digital Humanities. Themenrez. Neues Testament (New Testament), in
Verkündigung und Forschung.
Datasets
eTalk Mark16 and Digital Humanities
| Author |
Clivaz, Claire |
| Publication date |
30.10.2018 |
| Persistent Identifier (PID) |
nakala.fr/nakala/data/11280/b1638bb8 |
| Repository |
Nakala
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| Abstract |
This eTalk presents the main lines of a 5 years Swiss National Foundation PRIMA project, MARK16.Available on mark16.sib.swiss. Further information in the metadata.
| Author |
Clivaz, Claire |
| Publication date |
20.12.2018 |
| Persistent Identifier (PID) |
https://www.nakala.fr/data/11280/ca257a35 |
| Repository |
Nakala
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| Abstract |
Cet eTalk présente les axes pincipaux d’un projet de recherche subventionné par une bourse PRIMA du Fonds National Suisse, MARK16.Disponible sur mark16.sib.swiss; voir les métadonnées pour les informations complètes.
| Author |
Monier, Mina |
| Publication date |
25.05.2019 |
| Persistent Identifier (PID) |
https://www.nakala.fr/data/11280/e7fa7106 |
| Repository |
Nakala
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| Abstract |
This eTalk surveys what we know and what we can see in Mark 16 the interesting manuscript GA 304. Available on mark16.sib.swiss; further information in the metadata.
| Author |
Clivaz, Claire |
| Publication date |
20.11.2019 |
| Persistent Identifier (PID) |
https://www.nakala.fr/data/11280/54ccbc30 |
| Repository |
Nakala
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| Abstract |
This eTalk shows that reading Mark 16 manuscripts can still reveal new elements, as in the case of nine items this eTalk surveys, ranging between the fifth and thirteenth centuries. Available on mark16.sib.swiss; further information in the metadata.
| Author |
Monier, Mina |
| Publication date |
06.01.2020 |
| Persistent Identifier (PID) |
https://www.nakala.fr/data/11280/e3ab505f |
| Repository |
Nakala
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| Abstract |
This eTalk sheds light on the presentation of Mark 16 in the Arabic manuscripts of the Diatessaron, in comparison with other surviving translations of the Diatessaron. Available on mark16.sib.swiss; further information in the metadata.
| Author |
Clivaz, Claire |
| Publication date |
27.01.2020 |
| Persistent Identifier (PID) |
https://www.nakala.fr/data/11280/04b78df8 |
| Repository |
Nakala
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| Abstract |
Cet eTalk passe en revue neuf témoins différents de la fin de l’évangile sélon Marc, et atteste de la perdurance, à travers les siècles, de la diversité des lectures de Marc 16. Disponible sur mark16.sib.swiss; plus d'informations: voir les métadonnées.
Collaboration
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Department of Religious Studies, Duke University |
United States of America (North America) |
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- in-depth/constructive exchanges on approaches, methods or results |
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Pelagios Commons project, Exeter University |
Great Britain and Northern Ireland (Europe) |
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- in-depth/constructive exchanges on approaches, methods or results
- Research Infrastructure |
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Tyndale House, Cambridge |
Great Britain and Northern Ireland (Europe) |
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- in-depth/constructive exchanges on approaches, methods or results |
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Faculty of Theology and Religious Studies (KU Leuven) |
Belgium (Europe) |
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- in-depth/constructive exchanges on approaches, methods or results |
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Institut de théologie protestante de Paris |
France (Europe) |
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- in-depth/constructive exchanges on approaches, methods or results |
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DARIAH (Göttingen) |
Germany (Europe) |
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- in-depth/constructive exchanges on approaches, methods or results
- Research Infrastructure |
Scientific events
Active participation
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Title |
Type of contribution |
Title of article or contribution |
Date |
Place |
Persons involved |
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SIB seminars
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Individual talk
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Digital Humanities +: Towards digitized Humanities
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24.01.2019
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Lausanne, SIB, Dorigny, Switzerland
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Sankar Martial; Clivaz Claire;
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Knowledge transfer events
Active participation
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Title |
Type of contribution |
Date |
Place |
Persons involved |
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Découvrir les humanités numériques (cours master)
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Talk
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02.10.2018
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Paris, IPT, France
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Clivaz Claire;
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Communication with the public
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Communication |
Title |
Media |
Place |
Year |
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Media relations: print media, online media
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The digital theologian
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Horizon magazine
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International German-speaking Switzerland Western Switzerland
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2019
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Abstract
In 2000, the French historian François Hartog explored the possibility of writing history from the point of view of both the losers and the winners. In principle, within a Virtual Research Environment (VRE), Digital Humanities research provides several skills worth discussing from diverse points of view. Paper writing material is more constrained to linear argumentation. However, digital historical VREs are often focused on making resources available and mapping them (Robertson 2016), rather than to allowing historical debates. Is it possible to answer Hartog’s exploration by developing a VRE on a test case?To answer, the project MARK16 will use a test case anchored in New Testament studies, textual criticism (NTTC) and exegesis, a field that belongs to history, theology and literary studies. In 1994, Barth Ehrman described NTTC as the place to visualize the balance of power between winners and losers in Early Christianity. The chosen test case is Mark 16, one of the most famous enigmas in NTTC (Kelhoffer 2000, Black 2008). Depending on the manuscripts, Mark 16 presents a shorter or longer ending for Mark Gospel, with or without the apparitions of the resurrected Jesus. Long puzzled by the case, scholars sometimes advocate for a double canonical form (Focant, 2006).The NT exegesis has in the last twenty years developed diverse readings based on a clear acceptation of the shorter ending, putting aside historical inquiries about Mark 16. Meanwhile, NTTC has experience a diversification of the hypothesis (Black 2008) based on not only the classical defenses of the longer ending (Lunn 2014, Hester 2015) but also the impressive reconsideration of ? and B evidence (Elliott 2008). This discrepancy between NT exegesis and NTTC state of the art invites to reconsider Mark 16, in particular from the point of view of the materiality of the manuscripts evidence and beyond the dichotomy imposed by the distinction between canonical/non-canonical texts. By building a Mark 16 VRE, the Principal Investigator (PI) will use all the digital potential to explore her own hypothesis : the key element to understanding what might have been erased from earlier Markan versions is the analysis of the disciples’ emotional reactions in front of Jesus’ apparitions. These can be expressed by diverse feelings, for example: fear (Mk 16 :8 ; Lk 24 :37 ; GosPe 57), grief (Mk 16 :10 ; GosPe 59), “unbelief of joy” (Lk 24 :41), or the laughing of the resurrected himself (Ap. Jas. 3.35-38). Sarah’s laughing and fear in LXX Gn 18 :15 belongs to Mk 16 cultural background, as well as trouble and sadness in LXX 45:3 (Iverson 2006). Exploring this hypothesis, the VRE will also allow users to discuss it and to produce their own hypothesis, by the creation of an “interpretation tool”. The VRE MARK16 intends so to answer Hartog’s concern about the representation of diverse points of view in the historical inquiry. It will be produced by the PI, a post-doc NT/DH, and a technical staff person. It will present the written sources and secondary literature, the audio-visual material and the history of reception document when available within the limits of OA copyright. It will collaborate to the international Pelagios data vizualisation project. Three peer-reviewed articles will be submitted, a DBS volume, and two webbooks (digital monographs) in partnership with Brill, according to the new editorial model established in the previous SNF project HumaReC. MARK16 should foster decisively the field in development of the New Testament digital studies, supervised by a high-qualified advisory board.
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