Project
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All Disciplines (2)
Keywords (7)
Plant nutrients; Soil fertility; Precision agriculture; Weed control; Conservation tillage; Cover crops; Conservation agriculture
Lay Summary (German)
Lead
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Konservierende Anbausysteme steigern die Produktivität der Landwirtschaft und tragen gleichzeitig zum Schutz der Felder bei. So bedecken Gründüngungskulturen den Boden zwischen zwei Hauptkulturen, fördern die Bodenfruchtbarkeit, verbessern die Verfügbarkeit von Pflanzennährstoffen und unterdrücken Unkräuter. Das Team um Bernhard Streit und Raphaël Charles untersucht, welche Ansprüche einzelne Gründüngungskulturen an den Standort stellen und welche Leistungen sie erbringen.
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Lay summary
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Konservierende Anbausysteme steigern die landwirtschaftliche Produktivität und tragen gleichzeitig zum Schutz der Felder bei. Wichtig für den langfristigen Erfolg sind dabei: wenig oder gar keine Bodenbearbeitung, permanente Bodenbedeckung und vielseitige Fruchtfolgen. Eine wichtige Rolle spielen Gründüngungskulturen. Sie bedecken den Boden zwischen zwei Hauptkulturen, fördern die Bodenfruchtbarkeit, verbessern die Verfügbarkeit von Pflanzennährstoffen und unterdrücken Unkräuter. Sie haben zwar kaum direkten Einfluss auf das Einkommen der Landwirte, doch werden die Produktivitätsaspekte meist übersehen. Im Rahmen des Projekts werden mittels Feldversuchen und Modellierungen die bisher nur ungenügend bekannten Standortansprüche und die agronomischen Leistungen möglicher Gründüngungsarten und deren Mischungen erforscht. Zudem untersucht das Forschungsteam die Wechselbeziehungen der Gründüngung mit den Hauptkulturen sowie mit Bodenfunktionen. Dadurch werden die Eigenschaften der verschiedenen Gründüngungskulturen in Bezug auf die nachhaltige Nutzung des Bodens sichtbar gemacht. Die Ergebnisse sollen möglichen Nutzerinnen und Nutzern in einer Datenbank zur Verfügung stehen. Die Untersuchungen erweitern das Wissen über die Eigenschaften und den gezielten Einsatz von Zwischenkulturen, speziell in konservierenden Anbausystemen. Das Projekt leistet damit einen Beitrag zur Sicherung der Ernährungsgrundlage bei gleichzeitiger Schonung des Bodens.
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Lay Summary (French)
Lead
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Les systèmes culturaux de conservation du sol augmentent la productivité agricole tout en contribuant à la protection des champs. Les cultures d’engrais verts recouvrent le sol entre deux cultures principales, stimulent la fertilité du sol, améliorent la disponibilité des nutriments des plantes et préviennent l’apparition des mauvaises herbes. Avec leur équipe, Bernhard Streit et Raphaël Charles étudient les exigences d’habitat des cultures d’engrais verts et les services qu’elles offrent.
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Lay summary
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Les systèmes culturaux de conservation du sol augmentent la productivité agricole tout en contribuant à la protection des champs. La clé d’un succès à long terme réside dans les éléments suivants: peu ou pas de travail du sol, couverture permanente du sol et assolements variés. Les cultures d’engrais verts jouent un rôle important. Elles recouvrent le sol entre deux cultures principales, stimulent la fertilité du sol, améliorent la disponibilité des nutriments des plantes et préviennent l’apparition des mauvaises herbes. Si elles n’ont pratiquement aucune incidence directe sur le revenu des agriculteurs, les gains qu’elles permettent en termes de productivité ne sont cependant pas assez soulignés. À travers des essais en plein champ et des modélisations, le projet étudie les exigences d’habitat, qui sont encore mal connues aujourd’hui, ainsi que les services agronomiques de différentes espèces d’engrais verts et de leurs mélanges. L’équipe de recherche se penche également sur les interactions des engrais verts avec les cultures principales et les fonctions du sol. Elle expose ainsi les propriétés des cultures d’engrais verts par rapport à l’utilisation durable du sol. Les résultats doivent être mis à la disposition des utilisateurs potentiels dans une base de données. L’étude enrichit les connaissances sur les propriétés et l’utilisation ciblée des cultures intermédiaires, notamment dans l’agriculture de conservation du sol. Le projet contribue ainsi au maintien de la production alimentaire de base et à la préservation du sol.
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Lay Summary (English)
Lead
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Conservation agriculture increases farming productivity and contributes to protecting fields at the same time. Cover crops cover the ground between two main crop periods, promote soil fertility, improve availability of plant nutrients and suppress weeds. The team of Bernhard Streit and Raphaël Charles are examining the demands that individual cover crops place on the habitat, and the benefits that they provide.
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Lay summary
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Conservation agriculture increases farming productivity and contributes to protecting fields at the same time. Important factors for long-term success are: little or no soil tillage, permanent soil cover and varied crop rotation. Cover crops play an important role. They cover the ground between two main crop periods, promote soil fertility, improve availability of plant nutrients and suppress weeds. They have hardly any effect on the farmer's income, but productivity aspects are mostly overlooked. This project entails using field experiments and modelling to investigate the demands on the habitat, about which little has been known until now, and the agronomic benefits of various types of crop cover systems and mixes. The research team will also be investigating the correlation between crop cover systems and both the main crops and soil functions. The properties of the various cover crops in relation to sustainable use of the soil will be revealed. The results should make it possible to provide a database for possible users. The experiments will extend knowledge on the properties and the specific use of intermediate crops, especially in conservation agriculture. The project will therefore contribute to safeguarding the nutrient base while at the same time protecting the soil.
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Responsible applicant and co-applicants
Employees
Publications
(2015), Accumulation of biologically fixed nitrogen by legumes cultivated as cover crops in Switzerland, in
Plant and Soil.
(2015), Introduction of no till in a long term experiment on soil tillage in Switzerland, in
Aspects of Applied Biology.
(2015), Nutrient accumulation by cover crops with different root systems, in
Aspects of Applied Biology.
(2013), Méthode non destructive d'estimation de la biomasse et des nutriments de couverts végétaux, in
Recherche Agronomique Suisse.
(2013), Screening of legumes as cover crops: Nitrogen and weeds | Beurteilung von leguminosen als gründüngungspflanzen: Stickstoff und begleitflora, in
Agrarforschung Schweiz.
, Integrating simulation data from a crop model in the development of an agri-environmental indicator for soil cover in Switzerland, in
European Journal of Agronomy.
Collaboration
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- in-depth/constructive exchanges on approaches, methods or results |
Swiss Soil Conservation Association (Swiss No-till) |
Switzerland (Europe) |
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- in-depth/constructive exchanges on approaches, methods or results - Publication |
Agrocope ART: Swiss Soil Monitoring Network |
Switzerland (Europe) |
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- in-depth/constructive exchanges on approaches, methods or results |
European Conservation Agriculture Federation (ECAF) |
Belgium (Europe) |
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- in-depth/constructive exchanges on approaches, methods or results |
Bernese Office of Agriculture and Nature, Soil Conservation Service |
Switzerland (Europe) |
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- in-depth/constructive exchanges on approaches, methods or results - Publication |
Scientific events
Active participation
Title |
Type of contribution |
Title of article or contribution |
Date |
Place |
Persons involved |
Getting the Most out of Cover Crops
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Talk given at a conference
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Nutrient accumulation by cover crops with different root systems
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24.06.2015
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Marston, Great Britain and Northern Ireland
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Wendling Marina;
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Valuing long-term sites and experiments for agriculture and ecology
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Talk given at a conference
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Introduction of no till in a long term experiment on soil tillage in Switzerland
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27.05.2015
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Newcastle, Great Britain and Northern Ireland
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Charles Raphaël; Büchi Lucie;
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International Conference on Soil
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Talk given at a conference
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Accumulation of biologically fixed nitrogen by legume cover crops in Switzerland
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04.05.2015
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Tirana, Albania
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Büchi Lucie;
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International Conference on Soil
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Poster
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Effect of soil tillage on yield and soil properties in a long term experiment in Switzerland
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04.05.2015
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Tirana, Albania
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Büchi Lucie;
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Xe colloque STICS
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Poster
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Intégration de données simulées par STICS dans un indicateur agro-environnemental de couverture du sol
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24.03.2015
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Rennes, France
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Büchi Lucie;
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22èmes Rencontres professionnelles RITTMO
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Talk given at a conference
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Travail du sol et couverts végétaux
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23.05.2014
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Changins, Switzerland
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Charles Raphaël;
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Comprendre le fonctionnement du sol dans l'écosystème: une approche systémique / Société Suisse de Pédologie
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Poster
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Screening de légumineuses pour couverts végétaux
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13.02.2014
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Changins, Switzerland
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Büchi Lucie; Charles Raphaël;
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Comprendre le fonctionnement du sol dans l'écosystème: une approche systémique / Société Suisse de Pédologie
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Poster
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Cover crops for conservation agriculture CC4CA
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13.02.2014
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Changins, Switzerland
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Büchi Lucie; Charles Raphaël; Wendling Marina;
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Knowledge transfer events
Active participation
Title |
Type of contribution |
Date |
Place |
Persons involved |
Visite étudiants ETHZ
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Talk
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19.06.2015
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Changins, Switzerland
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Charles Raphaël;
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Journée Grandes cultures bio
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Talk
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13.06.2015
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Courtételle, Switzerland
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Charles Raphaël;
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Journée Grandes cultures bio
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Talk
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12.01.2015
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Moudon, Switzerland
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Charles Raphaël;
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Journée Grandes cultures bio
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Talk
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12.06.2014
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Schwand, Switzerland
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Charles Raphaël;
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1ère Journée nationale Grandes cultures
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Talk
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06.02.2014
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Rütti, Switzerland
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Charles Raphaël;
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Journée Techniques de conservation du sol
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Talk
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11.09.2013
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Vaux sur Morges, Switzerland
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Charles Raphaël;
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Self-organised
Versuchsbesichtigung Studierende ETH
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29.04.2016
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Leuzigen, Switzerland
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Flurbegehung, Versuchsbesichtigung
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19.10.2015
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Leuzigen, Switzerland
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Flurbegehung mit australischen Landwirten
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25.08.2015
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Wiler b. Seedorf, Switzerland
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Techniques de conservation du sol
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02.06.2015
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Changins, Switzerland
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Versuchsbesichtigung Studierende Agronomie ETH
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24.04.2015
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Wiler b. Seedorf, Switzerland
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Flurbegehung Versuche CC4CA
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13.11.2014
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Leuzigen und Wiler b. Seedorf, Switzerland
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Mit Gründüngungen und konservierenden Anbausystemen die Umwelt schonen
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13.11.2014
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Seedorf, Switzerland
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Journée Techniques de conservation du sol
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17.09.2014
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Changins, Switzerland
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Flurbegehung CC4CA
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16.04.2014
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Wiler b. Seedorf und Ziegelried, Switzerland
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Communication with the public
Communication |
Title |
Media |
Place |
Year |
Media relations: print media, online media
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10 Tipps, mit weniger auszukommen
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DLZagramagazin
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International
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2015
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Media relations: radio, television
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Fin du labour et couvert végétal
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RTS La Première
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Western Switzerland
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2015
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Media relations: print media, online media
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Weizen in stehende Gründüngung gesät
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Schweizer Bauer
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German-speaking Switzerland
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2015
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Media relations: print media, online media
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Gründüngung unterdrückt Unkraut
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Schweizer Bauer
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German-speaking Switzerland
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2014
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Associated projects
Number |
Title |
Start |
Funding scheme |
161902
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Innovation hubs for evaluation and adoption of soil improving cropping systems |
01.01.2016 |
NRP 68 Sustainable Use of Soil as a Resource |
Abstract
Conservation agriculture (CA) practices are known to simultaneously enhance productivity and protection of soils. Minimum soil disturbance, diverse crop rotations, and permanent soil cover are key elements of this cropping system. Cover crops (CC) play an important role as they fill the gap between two main crops and, hence, may mobilize and recycle plant nutrients, control weeds, increase biodiversity, and improve soil structure and protection. CC are the sole crops totally dedicated to soil protection. They have rarely a direct impact on farmer’s income and research activities mostly disregard the perspectives of profitability. There is only little knowledge available on their quantitative potentials in the soil - crop system. Better understanding on their preferences on soil- and environmental parameters in the context of CA is a base for optimized CC development. Therefore, a multidisciplinary project is proposed to be carried out on the design of CC for CA, 1.) to propose novel CC for agroecological services in CA, design of soil tillage and CC combinations for CA, including different services linked to soil as a resource for agricultural production and direct profitability, 2.) to propose implantation techniques of CC on field level, including site and soil specific CC diversity and seeding technology in order to enhance efficiency of CA, and 3.) to develop tools for decision making in terms of CC species choice combined with cultivation techniques and to develop documentation for educational purposes. This project covers different Swiss agricultural contexts: taking into account the requirement of different production systems (from conventional to organic management) and varying pedoclimatic conditions. It will be organized in two work packages, covering screening and phenotyping CC diversity and services in CA systems as well as analysing CC development and the related profitability of CA systems at field level. In a communication package, the outcome of the work packages will be condensed to a decision making tool and communicated to the practice, extension, education, and research. The experimental work will be carried out at Agroscope Changins-Wädenswil (ACW) in Nyon and at the School of Agricultural, Forest and Food Science (HAFL) of the Bern University of Applied Sciences in close collaboration with the Institute of Agricultural Sciences (IAS) at ETH Zurich. Collaboration will take place with INRA on crop model STICS for simulations of long term trials (ACW, FiBL, Oberacker) and novel CC for CA. Joint field demonstrations and conferences will be organized with farmers organizations (CH No Till) and advisory services.
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