air pollution; particulate matter; nanoparticle; ultrafine particle; NO2; exposure science; large nested project; SAPALIDA Cohort on Healthy Aging
Aguilera Inmaculada, Dratva Julia, Caviezel Seraina, Burdet Luc, de Groot Eric, Ducret-Stich Regina E, Eeftens Marloes, Keidel Dirk, Meier Reto, Perez Laura, Rothe Thomas, Schaffner Emmanuel, Schmit-Trucksäss Arno, Tsai Ming-Yi, Schindler Christian, Künzli Nino, Probst-Hensch Nicole (2016), Particulate Matter and Subclinical Atherosclerosis: Associations between Different Particle Sizes and Sources with Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in the SAPALDIA Study., in
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Meier Reto, Eeftens Marloes, Aguilera Inmaculada, Phuleria Harish C, Ineichen Alex, Davey Mark, Ragettli Martina S, Fierz Martin, Schindler Christian, Probst-Hensch Nicole, Tsai Ming-Yi, Künzli Nino (2015), Ambient ultrafine particle levels at residential and reference sites in urban and rural Switzerland., in
Environmental Science & Technology, 49(5), 2709-15.
Eeftens Marloes, Meier Reto, Schindler Christian, Aguilera Inmaculada, Phuleria Harish, Ineichen Alex, Davey Mark, Ducret-Stich Regina, Keidel Dirk, Probst-Hensch Nicole, Künzli Nino, Tsai Ming-Yi (2015), Development of land use regression models for nitrogen dioxide, ultrafine particles, lung deposited surface area, and four other markers of particulate matter pollution in the Swiss SAPALDIA regions., in
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Meier Reto, Eeftens Marloes, Phuleria Harish C, Ineichen Alex, Corradi Elisabetta, Davey Mark, Fierz Martin, Ducret-Stich Regina E, Aguilera Inmaculada, Schindler Christian, Rochat Thierry, Probst-Hensch Nicole, Tsai Ming-Yi, Künzli Nino (2015), Differences in indoor versus outdoor concentrations of ultrafine particles, PM2.5, PMabsorbance and NO2 in Swiss homes., in
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Meier Reto, Schindler Christian, Eeftens Marloes, Aguilera Inmaculada, Ducret-Stich Regina E., Ineichen Alex, Davey Mark, Phuleria Harish C, Probst-Hensch Nicole, Tsai Ming-Yi, Künzli Nino (2015), Modeling indoor air pollution of outdoor origin in homes of SAPALDIA subjects in Switzerland, in
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1. Summary of the research plan The Swiss Cohort Study on Air Pollution and Lung and Heart Diseases in Adults (SAPALDIA3 or S3) is currently funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation for a second follow-up with expanded cardiovascular assessments that has started in January 2010 and will be running until spring 2011. As a unique nearly 20-year old cohort study, it is at a point in time where improved exposure assessment is pivotal to uncovering hidden health effects and answering novel research questions. SAPALDIA is also participating in a European Study of Cohorts for Air Pollution Effects (ESCAPE), a collaboration of 34 European cohort studies for quantification of effects of long-term exposure to outdoor air pollution on human health. As recent studies have indicated that concentrations of traffic exhaust pollutants (NO2 and soot) vary greatly within 200m of major roads, a centrally located monitoring site can not capture the high exposures of S3 subjects living near busy roads. SAPALDIA2 has advanced air pollution exposure science by conducting innovative exposure modeling across 8 geographically diverse areas in Switzerland using dispersion modeling and NO2 land use regression modeling. However, exposure to specific traffic related pollutants such as ultrafine particles and PM chemical components was not assessed. Furthermore, exposures were only assessed at outdoor home addresses without taking into account outdoor exposure at workplaces or indoor exposure at homes. This study will capitalize on information gathered in SAPALDIA-ESCAPE and expand research collaboration to focus on characterizing spatial variability of size-segregated outdoor and indoor PM viz. ultrafine particles measured as particle number concentration (PNC), PM2.5, PM10, NO2 and PM2.5 chemical constituents including soot, trace metals and inorganic ions. The overarching aim of the proposed study is to provide the estimates of individual long-term outdoor as well as personal traffic-related air pollution exposures of the cohort participants to complement the health data currently assessed. To that effect, we aim to derive area-specific outdoor and indoor exposure models of the key pollutants in different SAPALDIA areas. Another focus of the study, for the very first time in any epidemiological study, is to investigate the spatial variation of outdoor PNC within and across areas as well as its short- and long-term relationship with indoor and personal PNC exposure. The study will be conducted in all SAPALDIA areas for NO2 and four (of the eight) areas for PM over a period of 2 years. Biweekly NO2 measurements will be made at 40 outdoor locations in each study area over three different seasons. In four key areas, 20 out of the 40 locations will be monitored for indoor and outdoor PM2.5, PM10, PNC, and indoor NO2. PM2.5 filters will be analyzed for trace metals and inorganic ions composition and soot (measured as Black Smoke). A selected subset of subjects from the selected homes will be recruited for 2-day personal PNC measurements. Additionally, individual time-location-activity patterns including home indoor activities and ventilation characteristics will be collected to characterize PM exposures. Area-specific multiple linear regression models will be built for outdoor traffic-related air pollution exposures using geographic, land-use, meteorological and dispersion estimates predictor variables. Indoor exposure models will be built using multiple regression methods utilizing outdoor pollutant concentrations and home characteristics. Models will be built for biweekly as well as annual average exposures of PNC, PM2.5, PM10, soot, selected PM2.5 trace elements and NO2. In addition, spatio-temporal short-term PNC exposure models will be built using similar methods. Finally, the validated models will be applied to the S3 cohort study to derive participants’ individual exposure to traffic-related air pollution. This study will thus develop area-specific outdoor and indoor exposure models to capture the within area variability in air pollution exposure, thereby refining individual estimates of current and historical exposures to air pollutants and increasing the potential and power of detecting respective health effects in the SAPALDIA cohort.